I personally think this needs to be analyzed on a case-by-case basis, because everyone’s situation is different, and some people’s subjective and objective conditions may be more suitable for entrepreneurship, because college students are still lacking in many places, such as funds and experience. , connections, etc. The only thing college students have is the passion for entrepreneurship.
In recent years, in order to support college students to start their own businesses, the state and governments at all levels have introduced many preferential policies, involving financing, business opening, taxation, and entrepreneurship training. , entrepreneurial guidance and many other aspects. For college students who plan to start a business, only by understanding these policies can they take the first step in starting a business.
(1) If college graduates start their own business within two years after graduation and apply for a business license at the industrial and commercial department where the entrepreneurial entity is located, and the registered capital (capital) is less than 500,000 yuan, they are allowed to be paid in installments. The first installment The funds in place shall not be less than 10% of the registered capital (the amount of capital contribution shall not be less than 30,000 yuan). The paid-in registered capital shall be increased to more than 50% within one year, and the balance can be paid in installments within three years.
(2) New enterprises or business units established by college graduates in the consulting, information, and technical service industries will be exempted from corporate income tax for two years upon approval by the tax department; newly established enterprises engaged in transportation, postal and telecommunications Enterprises or business units, with the approval of the tax department, are exempted from corporate income tax in the first year and halved in the second year; newly established enterprises engaged in public utilities, commerce, material industry, foreign trade, tourism, logistics, warehousing Enterprises or operating units in the industry, resident service industry, catering industry, education and culture industry, and health industry are exempted from corporate income tax for one year with the approval of the tax department.
(3) State-owned commercial banks, joint-stock banks, urban commercial banks and qualified urban credit cooperatives in various countries should provide small loans to self-employed graduates, simplify procedures, and facilitate account opening and settlement. The loan amount is about 20,000 yuan. The maximum loan period is two years. If it is determined to be extended upon expiration, you can apply for an extension. The loan interest is determined according to the loan interest rate announced by the People's Bank of China. The maximum guarantee limit is 5 times the guarantee fund, and the term is the same as the loan term.
(4) Talent intermediary service agencies affiliated to the government’s personnel administration department will keep personnel files (including handling social security, professional titles, file salary and other relevant procedures) free of charge for self-employed graduates for 2 years; provide free talent search , labor supply and demand information, free recruitment advertisements and other services; appropriate exemptions and exemptions for participation in talent fairs or talent labor exchange activities; preferential provision of one-time training and evaluation services for employees who start companies.
The above preferential policies are formulated by the state for all college students who start their own businesses. In order to support local college students to start their own businesses, local governments have also introduced relevant policies and regulations, which are more detailed and closer to reality. Understanding these preferential policies will help college students feel the support of the state and government and strengthen their determination to start a business.
Essential conditions for college students to start a business
College students have entrepreneurial enthusiasm, but due to lack of experience, lack of ability, biased consciousness and other reasons, the success rate of starting a business is obviously low. In this regard, Xu Benliang, an expert on college student entrepreneurship guidance and principal of the Shanghai Entrepreneurship Education and Training Center, analyzed that college students must have the following hardware to start a business:
Hardware 1: Reserve of entrepreneurial knowledge
Having high aspirations but low power, and talking on paper This is a misunderstanding that college students can easily fall into. Because they have stayed on campus for a long time, they lack understanding of society, especially in market development and business operations. Therefore, college students must be fully prepared before starting a business. On the one hand, they can accumulate relevant management and marketing experience by working in companies or doing internships; on the other hand, they can accumulate entrepreneurial knowledge by participating in entrepreneurship training, receive professional guidance, and recharge themselves. , to improve the success rate of entrepreneurship.
Hardware 2: Preparation of funds
It’s hard to make a meal without rice. Nearly half of college students believe that “funds are a barrier to starting a business.” Without funds, no matter how good the idea is, it will be difficult to turn it into actual productivity. Before obtaining funds, you must first understand how much funds you need, how to obtain funds, and the sources of funds.
Entrepreneurs must have certain business concepts, whether to choose debt as a source of funds or equity as a source of funds, and what kind of protection you choose to provide to your investors. These basic issues will determine whether the early stage of starting a business is successful. College students should open up their ideas and use multiple channels for financing. In addition to traditional channels such as bank loans, self-raised funds, and private loans, they can also make full use of financing channels such as venture capital and entrepreneurial funds.
Hardware Three: Technology and Interest
Exchanging intelligence for capital is a unique path for college students to start their own businesses. Some venture capitalists are often willing to fund their entrepreneurial plans because they are interested in the advanced technologies mastered by college students. Therefore, college students who plan to start a business in the high-tech field must pay attention to technological innovation, develop products with independent intellectual property rights, and attract funds from investors.
Hardware Four: Personal Abilities
Entrepreneurship is a process that involves simplicity and complexity. For example, if you lack the ability to judge the market at the beginning, you should start with a simple market. Gain experience. College students are outstanding in technology, but their abilities in financial management, marketing, communication, and management are generally insufficient, and they are not familiar with the "rules of the game" in business. In order to succeed in starting a business, entrepreneurs must possess basic business capabilities in addition to strong execution capabilities (perseverance and perseverance).
Although today's entrepreneurial market has unlimited business opportunities, for college student entrepreneurs with limited funds, abilities, and experience, it is not "just bend down and pick up wealth on the ground." In this case, college students can only break into a new world that is truly suitable for them by finding the right place to start their own business based on their own characteristics.
Four major directions for college student entrepreneurship
Direction 1: High-tech field
College students who are at the forefront of high-tech have a lot of experience in entrepreneurship in this field. Deyue’s advantage, the success of college student entrepreneurial enterprises such as “NetEase” and “Tencent” is due to the technological advantages of entrepreneurs. But not all college students are suitable for starting a business in the high-tech field. Generally speaking, only college students with strong technical skills and outstanding academic performance have the hope of success. College students who intend to start a business in this field can actively participate in various entrepreneurial competitions to gain opportunities to stand out and attract venture capital.
Recommended business opportunities: software development, network services, game development, etc.
Direction 2: Intellectual service field
College students are comfortable starting a business in the field of intellectual service. Intelligence is the first capital that college students can master when starting a business. For example, the field of tutoring is very suitable for college students to start their own businesses, especially those majoring in teacher education. On the one hand, tutoring is a traditional channel for college students to work-study and has accumulated rich experience; on the other hand, college students can make full use of the educational resources of colleges and universities, making it easier for them to find the "first pot of gold." This type of intellectual service entrepreneurial project has a low cost and can be started with a desk and a phone.
Recommended business opportunities: tutoring, tutoring agency, design studio, translation agency, etc.
Direction 3: Franchise field
According to surveys, in the same business field, the success rate of individual entrepreneurship is less than 20%, while that of franchise entrepreneurship is as high as 80%. For college students with very limited entrepreneurial resources, taking advantage of the brand, technology, marketing, and equipment advantages of franchising, they can start their own business with less investment and a lower threshold. However, chain franchises are not "zero risk". In the current mixed market situation, college students are not experienced in the world and should pay more attention to avoiding risks when choosing franchise projects. Generally speaking, college student entrepreneurs have weak financial strength, so they are suitable to choose franchise projects with small start-up capital and low manpower requirements. It is better to start with a small business; in addition, it is best to choose franchise projects with more than 5 years of operation time and more than 10 franchises. Mature brand of franchise stores.
Recommended business opportunities: fast food industry, housekeeping services, small campus supermarkets, digital printing stations, etc.
Direction 4: Opening a store
When college students open a store, on the one hand, they can make full use of the student customer resources of the university; on the other hand, they are familiar with the consumption habits of their peers, so it is easier to get started. Because it takes the "student route", it relies on low prices and high quality to attract customers.
In addition, because college students have limited funds, it is impossible to choose stores in busy areas. Therefore, promotion work is particularly important. You need to frequently post advertisements on campus or organize activities with clubs to make them widely known.
Recommended business opportunities: restaurants, coffee shops, hair salons, stationery stores, bookstores, laundries, etc. within the university or in surrounding areas.
Three taboos for college students to start their own businesses
College students are very suitable for starting a business, but they are also very prone to failure. College student entrepreneurs must learn to make up for their own shortcomings and avoid making the same mistakes again. Let’s listen to some taboos that college students should avoid when starting a business, as suggested by insiders.
Taboo 1: Being too ambitious
Bill. Gates' Microsoft myth has made the IT industry and high-tech industry a "golden mountain" for entrepreneurship in the eyes of college students, so much so that many students disdain working in the service industry or industries with lower technical content. In fact, high-tech entrepreneurial projects often require a large amount of start-up capital, and the risks and pressures of starting a business are very high. If college students lack their own abilities and have too high expectations for entrepreneurship, and the starting point is too high at the beginning, it is easy to fail. Therefore, college students may as well lower their mentality when starting a business, have a deep understanding of the market and themselves, and then start small, start from reality, and take one step at a time.
Taboo 2: Talking on paper
Lack of experience is a common problem in college student entrepreneurship. Many college student entrepreneurs do not have the awareness to conduct market research on their products or projects, but just conduct Idealized inference, for example: if 100 million people buy our products, even if we only earn 1 yuan per product, we will still have a profit of 100 million yuan. This method of inference is simply untenable and misleading. College students must do market research in the early stages of starting a business. Some feasibility studies can also be entrusted to professional institutions. Only by understanding the market can you start a business in the long run.
Taboo 3: Working alone
In today’s world where teamwork is emphasized, the chances of entrepreneurs succeeding by working alone are very slim. Team spirit has become an indispensable entrepreneurial quality, and venture capitalists pay more attention to entrepreneurial teams with the ability to cooperate when investing. Nowadays, college students are generally individualized and have strong self-confidence. They are often self-righteous and self-willed in entrepreneurship, which affects the success rate of entrepreneurship. Therefore, for college students who plan to start a business, it is easier to achieve success by working together, learning from each other's strengths, and creating a cohesive team than working alone.
Stumbling blocks for college students to start their own business
Just like the long journey, the road to entrepreneurship is not smooth sailing. There are mountains to climb, difficulties and hardships to overcome, and even a few stumbling blocks. Waiting for our arrival. Let’s take a look at what obstacles college students will encounter on their way to entrepreneurship.
1. Options
Choose an entrepreneurial project that meets market demand and meets your own needs. This is something that college student entrepreneurs must consider carefully. Generally speaking, college student entrepreneurs must not only objectively analyze their own entrepreneurial conditions, but also calmly analyze the entrepreneurial environment. Based on technical projects, try to choose projects with high technical content and clear independent intellectual property rights, and on the basis of technological innovation Do a good job in product marketing. During the selection process, be sure not to blindly follow the trend, and remember that you should be experienced rather than raw. You must choose the industry you are most familiar with, best at, have the most experience and have the most resources.
2. Experience
Insufficient experience and lack of ability to integrate resources and implement management from a professional perspective will greatly reduce the success rate of college students' entrepreneurship. Therefore, college students cannot start their own business by "talking about it on paper", but should have certain knowledge and experience in business management and market operations. Even an "office-style" small business with two or three people must have clear financial and personnel systems.
3. Funds
Without funds, starting a business is like fishing for money. At present, college students have the following misunderstandings in attracting venture capital:
1. They are eager to raise money. They often sell large shares for a small amount of money, or sell technology or ideas at a low price, thus losing the initiative.
2. Break the contract at will. If they are even slightly dissatisfied with the investment agreement, they will break the contract arbitrarily, and as a result, they will be on the "blacklist" of the capital market.
3. Too persistent.
Even if investors cannot provide value-added services, they are still tied to them and do not know how to make a U-turn in time.
4. Irresponsible. Burning other people's money to realize your own dreams will end up hurting both sides.
When college students attract investment to start a business, they must choose investors who are truly capable, can provide value-added services, and have a unified entrepreneurial philosophy, even if this means temporarily giving up some immediate benefits.
4. Team
In the eyes of venture capitalists, no matter how excellent a business plan is, it is replicable, but the overall strength of the team is difficult to replicate, so when they invest , tend to value entrepreneurial teams with the ability to cooperate rather than those whimsical solo workers.
5. Mentality
Blind entrepreneurship is a common problem among college students. In the eyes of many college students, entrepreneurship is a Bill. Gates-style "movement": If you have an idea, you can start a company, and if you start a company, you will make a lot of money, but it lacks an in-depth examination of the industry and a deep understanding of the market. In fact, starting a business requires reason rather than impulsiveness, and calmness rather than fanaticism. In addition to good technology, college students must have a good mentality to start a business. They must not have a narrow vision or be too conceited. Instead, they should accept the opinions of others with an open mind and dare to face setbacks and failures.
If you have successfully passed through the interception of these five tigers, it is equivalent to breaking through the "rain of bullets", and success is really just around the corner.
Wang Xinwen, deputy director of the Enterprise Innovation Institute of the Chinese Academy of Management Sciences, believes that when college graduates choose to start a business, they must first understand in detail the relevant preferential policies issued by the government; second, choose appropriate investment projects; third, We should learn more from successful entrepreneurs; fourth, we should not aim too high and work in a down-to-earth manner; fifth, we should learn to withstand pressure from all aspects. In terms of specific entrepreneurial ideas, college graduates can start by starting a partnership, family business or low-cost stall business to hone their entrepreneurial abilities. This is used to make up for the lack of funds, management experience, social relations, etc. Don't blindly mount a horse if you don't have the ability.
Xu Benliang, principal of Shanghai Entrepreneurship Education and Training Center, believes that if college students want to start a business, they must first receive training and accumulate work experience. On the one hand, the work experience here can be obtained from the work experience after graduation. If you are a college student who has already had entrepreneurial awareness, you can also accumulate entrepreneurial experience in your junior and senior years. College students are more likely to engage in opportunity entrepreneurship, and most of them work in teams, rather than working alone like adults' survival entrepreneurship.