"Bionic robot" refers to a robot that imitates living things and performs work with biological characteristics. Currently, mechanical pets are very popular in Western countries. In addition, sparrow-like robots can perform environmental monitoring tasks and have broad development prospects. In the 21st century, mankind will enter an aging society. The development of "humanoid robots" will make up for the serious shortage of young labor force, solve social problems such as family services and medical care in the aging society, and can open up new industries and create new employment opportunities. . "Basic introduction Chinese name: bionic robot Correspondence: biological, engaged in biological nature: machine background: future of aging society, architecture, examples, machine scorpion, machine cockroach, machine barracuda, machine frog, machine spider, machine tuna, robot Geckos, robotic jellyfish, the future First of all, robots created by imitating certain insects are not simple. For example, some foreign scientists have observed that ants have small brains and extremely poor eyesight, but their navigation capabilities are superb: when the ants find food. When the queen goes back to call its companions, it always stores the image of the food in its brain, and uses the method of matching the image in the brain with the real scene in front of it to return along the original path. Scientists believe that imitating the ants. This function enables robots to have superb pathfinding capabilities in unfamiliar environments. Secondly, the research on bionic machinery (devices) is multifaceted at all times, that is, it is necessary to develop robots that imitate humans. It is necessary to develop machines that imitate other living things. Before the advent of robots, in addition to researching and making automatic puppets, people were also very interested in mechanical animals. For example, it is said that Zhuge Liang made a wooden cow and a horse, and the modern computer pioneer Babbage designed a chicken and sheep toy. , the iron duck made by the famous French engineer Bao Kanson, etc., are all very famous. During the development of robots into intelligent robots, some people put forward the view that "robots must first be able to think before they can do things" and believed that. , many simple robots can also complete complex tasks. In the early 1990s, Brooks, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States, created a batch of mosquito-type robots, named insect robots. Their habits are very similar to those of cockroaches. They cannot think and can only act according to human programming. A few years ago, technology workers built an electronic robot bird for the San Diego Zoo. It can imitate the mother vulture and feed the baby vultures on time. Japan and Russia have created an electronic robot crab that can conduct deep-sea control surveys, collect rock samples, capture seabed organisms, and perform underwater welding and other operations. The United States has developed a robot tuna named Charlie, which is 1.32 meters long and consists of 2843. It consists of three parts. By swinging its body and tail, it can swim like a real fish at a speed of 7.2 kilometers per hour. It can be used to work under the sea for several months, mapping oceans and detecting underwater pollution. It can also be used to photograph creatures, because it imitates tuna very well. Some scientists are designing tuna submarines, which are actually tuna robots that can travel at a speed of 20 knots and are veritable underwater swimming machines. It is much higher than existing submarines and can reach almost any area under the water. Remotely controlled by humans, it can easily enter trenches and caves deep under the sea, sneak into enemy ports quietly, and conduct reconnaissance without being detected. The development and application of military reconnaissance and scientific exploration tools is very promising. Similarly, the research and development of insect robots has great prospects. For example, someone has developed a robot insect with elastic legs that is only the size of a credit card. /3 or so, it can jump over obstacles as easily as a cricket, and can move almost 37 meters in one hour. The most special thing about this kind of robotic insect is that it breaks through the concept that "a motor must be added to move the joints". The inventor's new method is to use metal strips such as lead, zirconium, and titanium to form a bimorph regulator. When charging, the regulator bends, and after charging it springs back to its original shape. After repeated charging, it becomes a vibrating bar. Insect limbs are installed on the vibrating bar, and the vibration of the vibrating bar becomes the power of the robotic insect. Each vibration will make the crawling insect advance 2 mm.

A large group of robotic insects can be controlled by one "Insect King", which transmits control instructions to each robotic insect in the form of a relay. This kind of robotic insect can be used to complete reconnaissance on the battlefield, transport items, or explore paths on other planets. Bionic robot architecture Robot architecture refers to the structure of one or several robots in terms of information processing and control logic to accomplish designated goals. Decomposition based on function The architecture based on function decomposition belongs to the traditional deliberative intelligence type in artificial intelligence. Its structure is embodied as serial distribution and its execution method is asynchronous execution, that is, according to the "perception-planning-action" model. Perform information processing and control implementation. Take the NASR Human MtI proposed by NASA and the National Bureau of Standards as a typical representative. The advantage of this architecture is that the functions of the system are clear, the layers are clear, and the implementation is simple. However, Shen Bank's handling method greatly extended the system's response time to external events. Changes in the environment required re-planning, thus reducing execution efficiency. Therefore, it is only suitable for completing more complex work in a known structured environment. Decomposition based on behavior The architecture based on behavior decomposition belongs to the modern reactive intelligent type in artificial intelligence. It is reflected in parallel (inclusive) distribution in structure and is synchronously executed in terms of execution method, that is, according to the "perception-action" model. Information processing and control in parallel. Typical representatives include the behavior-layered subsumption architecture proposed by R.A. Brooks of MIT and the MotorSc hema-based structure proposed by Arkin. Its main advantages are short execution time, high efficiency and strong maneuverability. However, due to the lack of overall management, it is difficult to adapt to various situations. Therefore, it is only suitable for performing relatively simple tasks in the Mutao environment. Decomposition based on smart distribution The architecture based on smart distribution is the latest decentralized smart type in terms of artificial intelligence. It is reflected in decentralized distribution in structure and collaborative execution in execution. It can solve local problems independently. It can also solve single or multiple global problems through collaboration. The architecture based on multi-intelligent bodies is a typical representative. The advantage of this architecture is that it has the characteristics of "intelligent distribution" and a unified coordination mechanism. However, how to reasonably divide and coordinate among various intelligent entities still requires a lot of research and practice. This architecture is widely used in many large-scale intelligent information processing systems. In addition to the above three main types of architecture, there are also some improved hybrid architectures, such as behavior decomposition model with feedback link, layered architecture based on distributed intelligence, and multi-intelligence structure based on functional decomposition. etc. But on the whole, they either lack the flexibility and scalability of functional modules, or fail to coordinate deliberative intelligence and reactive intelligence well, or the communication mechanisms between various levels are not perfect enough. . In essence, the ideological principles of the bionic architecture of the control system: deliberative intelligence, reactive intelligence, and decentralized intelligence are all references and bionics of biological control logic and reasoning methods. However, due to the objective conditions Limitations and limitations of demand and purpose, they are only a one-sided and partial imitation of biological intelligence from a certain angle and direction. The bionic architecture of this article is based on the aforementioned biological control logic and behavioral reasoning, and fully draws on the advantages and disadvantages of three architectural ideas based on deliberative intelligence, reactive intelligence and distributed intelligence. Considering the shortcomings and problems in the control architecture of robots, especially mobile robots working in unknown environments, a new control idea and concept with adaptive behavior and evolutionary capabilities is proposed. Draw on the idea of ??distributed intelligence and introduce a social behavioral control layer into the control system structure; draw on biological adaptive ideas to realize the transformation from the deliberative behavior layer to the reflective behavior layer within this generation in the control system structure. Learning; draw lessons from the idea of ??biological self-evolution, and realize the evolution (or degeneration) from the reflective behavior layer to the instinctive behavior layer over multiple generations in the control system structure.

Therefore, the bionic architecture is composed of four behavioral control layers, namely the instinctive behavior control layer, the reflective behavior control layer, the deliberative behavior control layer and the social behavior control layer, which receive external input from the perception layer in parallel. and internal information, each making logical judgments and reactions, sending control information to the end execution layer, adjusting itself and adapting to the external environment through competition and coordination, so as to complete work tasks according to goals. Example: Robot Scorpion The 50-centimeter-long Robot Scorpion is different from other traditional robots in that it does not have the ability to solve complex problems. The robot scorpion relies almost entirely on reflexes to solve its walking problem. This allows it to react quickly to anything that bothers it, with two ultrasonic sensors on its head. If it encounters an obstacle that is 50 meters higher than its height, it will avoid it. And if the sensor on the left detects an obstacle, it will automatically turn to the right. Mechanical cockroaches are not just scorpions, but even cockroaches can provide scientists with design inspiration. Scientists have discovered that when a cockroach moves at high speed, only three legs touch the ground at a time, two on each side and one on each side. The cycle repeats. According to this principle, bionics Scientists have created a mechanical cockroach. Not only can it move forward three meters per second, but it is also very well balanced and can adapt to various harsh environments. In the near future, it will be used in space exploration or mine removal. The Provincial Polytechnic's robotic pike is the world's first robotic fish that can swim freely. It is mostly made of fiberglass, covered with a layer of steel mesh, and the outermost layer is a layer of synthetic spandex. The tail is made from spring-like tapered fiberglass coils, making the robotic barracuda both strong and flexible. A servo motor powers the robotic fish. Robot Frog The legs of the robot frog are equipped with springs at the knees. They can bend their legs like a frog and then jump up. The farthest distance that a robot frog can jump on Earth is 2.4 meters; on Mars, because the gravity of Mars is about 1/3 that of Earth, the robot frog's long jump can reach as far as 7.2 meters, which is close to the human long jump world record . So it won't be helpless in front of a small rock like the 2007 Mars buggy. The robot spider was created by space engineers inspired by spiders' wall-climbing stunts. It is equipped with an array of antennae that mimic insect antennae, which detect terrain and obstacles as it moves its spindly legs. The prototype of the robot spider is very small, with an upright height of only 18 centimeters, not much larger than a human hand. Not only can "Spider-Man" climb the steep slopes of Mars that cannot be reached by space off-road vehicles, but the cost is also much more economical. In this way, a large number of space "Spider-Man" will be spread across every corner of Mars. Robot Tuna Robot Tuna Robot Tuna is the latest achievement achieved by MIT in the development of robotic fish since "Charlie". This new prototype has a soft body with only one engine and six moving parts, allowing it to simulate the movement of real fish to a greater extent. Robot Gecko Dr. Li Xiaoyang of Zhuhai New Concept Aerospace Vehicle Co., Ltd. and his research team successfully developed the bionic robot gecko "Freelander" on November 15, 2008. The bionic robot gecko "Freelander" is a new type of intelligent robot that is small in size and flexible in movement. It may be widely used in search, rescue, counter-terrorism, as well as scientific experiments and scientific inspections in the near future. According to Dr. Li Xiaoyang, this kind of robot gecko can quickly climb vertically up and down the walls, underground and wall cracks of various buildings, or walk upside down under the ceiling, and can attack smooth glass, rough or dusty walls. It can adapt to surfaces and various metal material surfaces, and can automatically identify obstacles and avoid detours, with flexible and lifelike movements. Its flexibility and movement speed are comparable to geckos in nature. Robot Jellyfish The U.S. Office of Naval Research has developed a "robotic jellyfish" that can be used to monitor surface ships and submarines, detect chemical spills, and monitor the movements of migratory fish. These robotic jellyfish are made of thin wires made of a bio-sensing memory alloy. When these metal wires are heated, they contract like muscle tissue.