Debit cards generally only accept UnionPay cards. Some merchants in Italy can accept UnionPay cards, but not all, especially small ones such as supermarkets and convenience stores, generally cannot accept UnionPay cards;

Credit cards are mostly dual-currency. It is much better to bring a credit card. Try to use UnionPay where you can use UnionPay. It is more cost-effective. If you cannot use UnionPay, use VISA or MASTER. It is better than not being able to use UnionPay. However, if the foreign currency type of your credit card is For US dollars or Japanese yen, when converting from euros to US dollars or Japanese yen, the bank will charge a foreign currency conversion fee, mostly a few percent, which is not cost-effective. Therefore, it is best to apply for a dual-currency card in which the foreign currency is euros. Carry your own card, so you won’t suffer so much

Of course you still need to bring some cash. It’s best to bring euro cash directly. The denomination of euros is relatively large, so you don’t need to bring a few. Just hide the large ones tightly.