This payment password is your Alipay payment password.
This is set up by Alipay for security, otherwise as long as someone logs into your Alipay, he or she can pay for anything.
When you use a credit card to buy things on Taobao, your credit card is actually bound to Alipay's quick payment.
There are many payment channels in Alipay. For example, the balance in your Alipay is one type, the bound credit card quick payment is one type, the money you put into Yu'e Bao is also one type, and the money you have bound is also one type. Debit cards for quick payments are also available.
You can choose which channel to pay when paying, but no matter which payment channel, you need to enter your Alipay payment password, which is more secure.