1565438+On September 20th, 2009, Magellan led a fleet to sail from San Rugar, a port outside Seville, Spain, and finally proved the theory of the earth sphere for the first time.
Europeans don't know the existence of the Pacific Ocean when they treat it as a stranger. The largest water body on earth is located in a huge basin in eastern Asia and western America, which is much older than the Atlantic Ocean. No Europeans had invaded at that time. /kloc-At the beginning of the 6th century, Spanish explorers discovered a magnificent ocean between the New World and Asia from the mountains on the west coast of Panama, which Europeans called the "Great South China Sea".
Magellan is a Portuguese explorer with rich sailing experience. Columbus discovered the new continent when he was young. 6? 1 gamma has opened a new passage to India. Before sailing around the world, Magellan had been to India, Africa and Southeast Asia. He learned that there is a sea to the east of the Spice Islands (Maruggi Islands in eastern Indonesia), and he guessed that the east of this sea must be the newly discovered America. He firmly believes that the earth is round and hopes to do a feat that shattered the famine in human history-sailing around the world.
The first round of exploration fever began, and European explorers clamored to go to America to find the strait leading to the South China Sea. They believe that there must be such a strait. Among the eager people, there is a Portuguese soldier named Magellan. When he was very young, he followed the long-distance fleet to the Straits of Malacca and made great contributions to Portugal in the battle to seize the lifeline of the East. Because of the hard work of these loyal ministers, Portugal finally took control of the Straits of Malacca and the city of Malacca. However, when Magellan returned to the motherland after many years of separation, he had nothing but war wounds and Henry, a Malay slave who followed him. He came to see the king to talk about his knowledge of navigation, hoping to serve the country and get an important task, but King Manuel proudly refused.
Magellan wanted to build a fleet to the east to find the spice islands. It is said that the magical tropical scenery there is very beautiful and there are countless wealth. He thought of the location of the spice islands, which is located at the eastern end of the eastern ocean. According to the theory that the earth is round, Columbus's route to the west should be correct. As long as you find the channel leading to the Great South China Sea of America, enter the mysterious Great South China Sea and sail west, you can reach the Spice Islands. Magellan rejoiced in his plan, and he came to neighboring Spain with this great westward voyage plan. The king of Spain immediately promised to set up a long-distance fleet for the Portuguese abandoned by the motherland. Magellan was awarded the posts of Admiral, Commander-in-Chief of the Fleet and Governor of all the islands and continents he later discovered. 1565438+On September 20th, 2009, a voyage team consisting of five seagoing vessels and 256 people set out from the outer port of Seville, Spain. Every ship is equipped with muskets and cannons, everyone carries sharp knives and daggers, and the ship is full of various commodities. In the first few days of sailing, the sea was calm, and they used the brisk northeast trade winds and equatorial currents to sail. Magellan's fleet sailed westward on the vast Atlantic Ocean for 70 days before reaching the coast of Brazil. They continued to sail south. 1520 In March, the fleet came to the port of San Julien in the south of Argentina (a barren place at 49 degrees south latitude), which was already in the severe winter. Due to hunger and cold, people's hearts are floating. The three captains took the opportunity to launch a rebellion and even tried to kill Magellan. But Magellan calmly commanded his men to smash the plot in time. It was not until August that the weather turned warmer that Magellan's fleet continued its exploration. Two months later, the fleet sailed into a fast-flowing strait (52 degrees south latitude). Magellan led the fleet to explore and sail,1520165438+1October 22nd, and it took 28 days to get out of this strait. In South America, this strait in southern Chile was later named "strait of magellan".
Out of the strait, the fleet sailed in the endless ocean for 1 10 days, but did not encounter strong winds and waves, so they named this ocean "Pacific Ocean". However, during this long time, the tar on the ship was turned purple, the drinking water stinked, the biscuits turned into powder, and maggots crawled around inside. Without fresh food, the crew can only eat cowhide and rats in the cabin. The terrible scurvy took the lives of some crew members.
152 1 In March, the fleet finally arrived in a densely populated and rich archipelago. After the break, Magellan's fleet continued to sail westward and arrived in the present Philippine Islands. Faced with a large number of natives gathered on the shore, Magellan ordered his Malayan slave Henry to go ashore first to ask about the situation. Henry walked among the natives, which was the most exciting moment in the history of ocean exploration: Henry actually understood what the islanders said, and Magellan suddenly realized that he had finally arrived home, and Malacca was not far away. Magellan wanted to control this beautiful and rich place by intervening in the war between two local tribes. On April 27, Magellan was seriously injured by an arrow when he clashed with the aborigines on Matan Island in the Philippine Islands, and was finally killed by the aborigines with spears and axes. His assistant Eli. 6? 1 Kano led the remaining two ships to escape from this archipelago.
In the later voyage, the fleet met Portuguese pirates and was robbed of a ship. The Strait of Malacca is under the control of Portugal.
Eli. 6? 1 Kano had to lead the remaining 1 ship to sail south, bypass the Portuguese-controlled area, cross the Indian Ocean to the southern tip of Africa after several twists and turns, and bypass the Cape of Good Hope to the north. 1September 6, 522, Yili? 6? 1 Kano finally led the survivors back to Spain, when they only had 1 boat and 18 people.
This is the famous Magellan's voyage around the world.