Hardware

Complete machine (dust-proof, high-temperature proof, anti-magnetic, moisture-proof, anti-static, shock-proof)

The computer should be placed in a clean room to avoid Too much dust will have adverse effects on various computer accessories; enough space for heat dissipation should be reserved around the computer, and no debris should be piled up; do not smoke while the computer is working, and the damage caused by smoke to the computer should not be underestimated; there should be no strong magnetic field around the computer, and the speakers should be as small as possible Do not place it near the monitor, and do not place disks, credit cards, meal cards, etc. on top of the speaker to prevent it from being magnetized; do not place a teacup on the computer table, and do not place it on the host, monitor, or keyboard. Computers are most afraid of water. Yes, if you don’t believe me, just ask, haha; when the computer is working, do not move the main case or subject it to vibration. The main reason is not to cause vibration to the hard disk; if the computer is not used for a long time, the power should be cut off, but it should be turned on and run regularly to expel its contents. of moisture. In addition, and more importantly, we should clean the computer regularly.

Monitor

The monitor can be said to be the most important and expensive accessory of the computer. It is also the last product to be eliminated among the components of a PC, so its maintenance is even more important. important.

1． If your monitor screen is not a touch screen, do not touch the monitor screen with your hands, because there are many things on your hands that you don’t know about that will cause damage to the screen, such as static electricity. When the computer is in use, it will cause damage to the surface of the components. Build up a large amount of electrostatic charge. The most typical example is that if you touch the display screen with your hands after use, violent electrostatic discharge will occur. Electrostatic discharge may damage the display, especially the fragile LCD. For example, grease, the surface of the current CRT screen is generally coated with anti-glare, anti-static AGAS (Anti-Glare Anti-Static) coating, anti-reflection, anti-static ARAS (Anti-Reflection Anti-Static) coating, and your hands Grease on the display will damage the coating on the display surface. I would also like to say here that when cleaning the CRT monitor screen, you cannot use alcohol, because the alcohol will dissolve this special coating. It is best to use flannel or lens cleaning paper to clean the screen. It is best not to use ordinary paper towels. .

2． Do not place things with strong magnetic fields (such as speakers) near the monitor, but the monitor will inevitably be interfered by various electromagnetic waves, so generally monitors have a degaussing function. We should degauss the monitor regularly (for example, once a month). But be careful not to use this function repeatedly at the same time.

3． Do not place debris on the monitor, such as tea cups, heavy objects, CDs, mobile phones, etc., and do not block the heat dissipation holes of the monitor casing.

4. Do not expose your monitor to strong light (such as sunlight). Do not adjust the monitor too brightly or with too strong contrast to avoid premature aging of the filament and phosphor of the picture tube.

5． Do not open the monitor without permission if you are not a professional, because there are high-voltage circuits inside the monitor.

6． Nowadays, LCD is getting cheaper and the technology is getting more and more advanced, so more and more people are using it. Compared with CRT, LCD is thinner and lighter, so it is also more fragile (especially its LCD panel). It is not advisable to point at the LCD screen with your hands or poke the screen hard. Although this is not a big problem for CRT monitors, it is different for LCD monitors. This may cause scratches on the protective layer and damage the monitor. Liquid crystal molecules greatly reduce the display effect, so this bad habit must be corrected. After all, your LCD monitor is not a touch screen. If possible, spend more than ten yuan to buy a protective film and stick it on the LCD surface (it may feel that the brightness is lowered) ); In addition, strong shocks and vibrations should be avoided. The screen and sensitive electrical components in the LCD monitor will be damaged if they are subjected to strong shocks. For LCD monitors, remember not to spill water directly onto the display surface. Water entering the LCD will cause a short circuit on the screen. Do not leave the LCD on for a long time (more than 72 hours in a row). Continuous use for a long time will cause the LCD panel to heat up, age, or overheat the components.

Host

1. Do not run the case with the case open. It is true that opening the case cover can make the CPU cooler, but the negative impact will be greater. The case design generally has holes on the front and rear (be careful not to block these holes) in order to make the inside of the case cooler. Air convection is formed so that all internal components can dissipate heat. Don’t think that only the CPU generates heat. You must know that there are no electronic products that do not generate heat. I believe everyone has studied physics. In addition to the CPU, the heat generated by hard drives and optical drives should not be underestimated. , the current mainstream hard disk speed has a rotation speed of 7200 rpm, just imagine if it can get hot; there is also an optical drive, you can put a CD in and run it for 1 minute, then take it out and feel the temperature. If you open the case cover , the loss of convection inside the chassis will cause the heat generated by the hard disk and the circuit board at the bottom of the optical drive to rise upward. Not only will it not be dissipated, but it will also be used to heat itself. Opening the chassis cover will also cause electromagnetic radiation, noise and other hazards. First of all, it is not good for your health, and it will make the accessories in the case more likely to get dirty, cause static electricity hazards, and hinder the rotation of the fan; in addition, it will also bring hidden dangers to the accessories inside the case, if water spills inside, The consequences are disastrous.

2. Don't use the computer host as a stepping stone. If you want to kill your desktop computer, then take it for a cross-country drive, or carry it on your back to climb mountains or play disco. That will be faster; your method will cause too little vibration. Yes, it will take a longer time to get results. If you are willing to persevere, it is estimated that the first result will be a happy death. The cause of death is the hard disk. The cause of death is bad sectors of the hard disk. (Quote)

3. Do not mix screws and other conductive objects into the chassis, otherwise it will easily cause the boards in the chassis to short-circuit, resulting in serious consequences.

4. When you want to open the chassis panel to perform maintenance and repair on the hardware inside the host. You should first cut off the power supply and put your hand on the water pipe for a while to discharge your own static electricity. First unplug the connection between the host and other peripherals, disassemble the case, check whether there are any abnormal traces of the equipment inside, and promptly use a soft brush or cloth to wipe away the dust in the case (motherboard, graphics card, sound card, power supply fan, etc.) . If you know a little bit about hardware, it is recommended that you plug and unplug all hardware regularly.

5. The messy data cables and power cords inside the host can be tied up with rubber bands. This not only gives people a neat feeling, but also facilitates the heat dissipation of the host.

The motherboard

Generally, we do not open the case and we are not able to access it. The most common thing I have encountered is that some people often turn on the computer without knowing it or to save trouble. In this case, it is very dangerous to directly unplug or plug in the mouse and keyboard of the PS/2 interface. In the worst case, the interface will be broken (replacement will cost dozens of dollars), or in the worst case, the related chips or circuit boards will be burned. On ordinary computers, only the commonly used USB interface and IEEE 1394 FireWire interface support hot plugging (that is, they can be plugged and unplugged without turning off the host). In addition, the plug-in interface should be pulled out parallel to the horizontal plane to prevent physical deformation of the interface.

Hard disk

Comparatively speaking, hard disk is a very fragile category. If the hard disk is not well protected, problems can easily occur. On the one hand, vibration is the main culprit, so when using a computer Do not carry the host while it is running; another usage habit is that when the hard disk is running at high speed (the red light on the chassis panel flashes), never restart the computer or cut off the power supply directly; if you remove the hard disk, the correct way to hold the hard disk is to hold the two sides side, it is best not to touch the circuit board on the back, because static electricity on your hands may damage the circuit board (especially in dry climates). It is best to put an anti-static bag on the hard drive before transporting it, and then protect it with foam to minimize vibration.

CPU

1. Nowadays, the running frequency of mainstream CPUs is fast enough. There is no need to overclock. On the contrary, the frequency should be reduced in summer. In addition, there is no need to be too sensitive to the temperature of the CPU. Some friends are frightened when they see 50 or 60 degrees. In fact, it is not that exaggerated. Generally speaking, the CPU can work safely below 75 degrees (it is generally believed that the safe operating temperature = 80% of the ultimate operating temperature).

2. When it comes to CPU, we can’t help but talk about the CPU fan. Most people don’t pay much attention to it and think it is just a fan. However, it is the protector of the CPU. Based on the current heat level of mainstream CPUs, assuming there is no CPU fan, the CPU will die in just a few minutes. be burned, so we should always pay attention to the operating condition of the CPU fan, clear the dust on the fan blades and lubricate the fan bearings from time to time.

3. If you want to install a CPU, please note that the CPU socket is directional. There is a pin hole missing in each corner of the socket, which corresponds to the CPU. When installing a CPU radiator, be sure to evenly apply a layer of thermal glue on the CPU core. Do not apply it too thickly to ensure full contact between the heat sink and the CPU core. Do not use brute force during installation to avoid crushing the core. After installation, be sure to connect the fan power supply (there is a three-pin power connector for the CPU fan on the motherboard).

4. In case your CPU fan is unfortunately broken, it is best to choose the original CPU fan or one from a regular manufacturer such as Kyushu Fengshen when replacing it. Never buy a low-quality fan just for the sake of cheapness.

Memory

1. When only one piece of memory needs to be installed, the memory socket that is close to the CPU socket should be preferred. The advantage of this is that the memory can be cleaned when it is contaminated by dust brought out by the CPU fan, but it is extremely difficult to clean the socket after it is contaminated.

2. Regarding the problem of mixed memory insertion, when upgrading memory, try to choose the same memory as your existing one. Don't think that buying new mainstream memory will improve the performance of your computer. On the contrary, many problems may occur. Principle of mixed memory insertion: Insert low-standard, low-standard memory into the first memory slot (that is, DIMM1).

3. When installing a memory module, there is a latch on both sides of the DIMM slot. When the memory gap is correctly aligned and plugged into place, these two latch teeth should automatically "bite" the memory. There is only one notch on the gold finger of DDR memory. The two sides of the notch are asymmetrical and correspond to a ridge on the DIMM memory slot, so the direction is easy to determine. For the previous SDR, there were two gaps, and it was easy to determine the direction. However, SDR has gradually faded out of the market, so it doesn’t hurt to learn about it. When pulling out the memory, you only need to move the two teeth outward. , the memory will automatically come out of the DIMM (or RIMM) slot.

4. For memory golden fingers and graphics card oxide layer failures caused by dust, we should clean them with eraser or cotton dipped in alcohol, so that the screen will not go black.

Driver (CDROM, CDRW, DVDROM, COMBO, DVDRW)

1. Let’s keep talking about shockproof, dustproof, moisture-proof, and heat dissipation. In fact, you should pay attention to these for any computer accessory.

2. Don't leave the disc in the optical drive all the time, because the optical drive will be tested every once in a while, especially the recorder, which is always testing the optical drive, and the high-speed optical drive (especially the CD optical drive 52X, which transfers very quickly) During operation, the motor and control components will generate a high amount of heat, which on the one hand will increase the temperature of the entire machine, and on the other hand will accelerate the wear of mechanical components and the aging of the laser head.

3. Don't just put discs in them. They are not DVD players. In fact, the error correction capabilities of computer drives are far inferior to those of DVD players. If you want to watch movies, it is better to buy a DVD player.

4. Do not use the drive for a long time (mainly for watching movies). It is recommended to copy the video to the hard disk first so that it looks smooth. You can also use a virtual optical drive to create a virtual disc.

5. The master-slave jumpers of the hard disk and optical drive must be correct. When connecting IDE devices, follow the principle of red and red facing each other, so that the red edges of the power cable and data cable face each other, so that the hardware will not be burned due to plugging. IDE lines generally have anti-fool ports, and they are usually not connected reversely.

Power supply

1. Dust the power supply box regularly. The power box is the most dusty component. Lubricant must be added to the computer fan regularly to prevent the fan from making loud noise, which is not good for human health.

2. It is recommended to choose a good quality power supply when buying a computer, such as Huntkey, Great Wall, etc. In daily life, some computers restart inexplicably and have something to do with the power supply.

3. The power supply used by the computer should be separated from the lighting power supply. Pay special attention not to use the same socket with high-power electrical appliances. It is best to use a separate socket for the computer (higher quality, do not use those with thin wires and sockets that are not very strong. Those ones). Keep power sockets, including multi-purpose plugs, in good contact, place them reasonably and not easily tripped, and try to prevent accidental power outages. If conditions permit, it is recommended to purchase equipment such as a UPS or regulated power supply to ensure a clean power supply for the computer.

Mouse

Of all computer accessories, the mouse is the most prone to failure. Mouse is divided into optical mouse and mechanical mouse.

1． Avoid hitting the mouse with other sharp or heavy objects, do not pull the wire forcefully, and do not use excessive force when clicking the mouse to avoid damaging the elastic switch.

2. Spend 2 or 3 yuan to buy an ordinary mouse pad, which not only makes the movement smoother, but also increases the friction between the rubber ball and the mouse pad, and also reduces dirt entering the (mechanical) mouse through the rubber ball; if conditions permit, buy Get a better mouse pad (one with a wrist guard) so that your hands won't feel sore after using the mouse for a long time. Of course, the posture must be correct.

3. When using an optical mouse, pay attention to keeping the mouse pad clean so that it is in a better light-sensitive state, and to avoid dirt from adhering to the photodiodes and phototransistors, blocking light reception. Do not use the optical mouse under strong light conditions or under a highly reflective mouse pad.

4. The keyboard and mouse can be cleaned with a damp cloth or a small amount of alcohol. Please note that they must be dried after cleaning before being connected to the host. To clean a mechanical mouse, first open the rotating disk on the back, remove the rubber ball, and mainly clean the dirt on the rotating shaft. When cleaning an optical mouse, you mainly clean the dirt attached to the photodiode and phototransistor.

5. Another point, as I mentioned in the motherboard section, do not plug or unplug the non-USB interface mouse and keyboard while the computer is powered on. This is not only bad for the motherboard, but also harmful to the mouse and keyboard.

Keyboard

1. Do not place the tea cup on the keyboard. Once liquid is spilled on the keyboard, it will cause poor contact, corrode the circuit, cause short circuit and other faults, and damage the keyboard.

2. Don't eat snacks or drink drinks on the keyboard

This habit is probably very common. I have seen many people do this, especially those who are obsessed with using the computer table as a dining table. I think if you dismantle your keyboard, maybe the same behavior will be reduced. You can see that your keyboard is like a sedimentary rock, retaining a lot of "fossils" for your usual habits. Biscuit crumbs, hair, etc. are everywhere. No wonder some people say: the keyboard in the public computer room is dirtier than the public toilet. At the same time, such debris may also enter your keyboard and block the circuits on your keyboard, causing input difficulties. Drinks are even more harmful, and one drink is enough to destroy your keyboard. Even if your keyboard is not destroyed by luck, I'm afraid it will be sticky and uncomfortable when typing. (Quote)

3. You need to pay attention to the keys. When pressing the keys, you must pay moderate attention and move gently. Strong tapping will shorten the life of the keyboard. Especially when playing games, you should pay more attention when pressing the keys. Do not press the keys hard to avoid damaging the keycaps. Hit the Enter key hard. This is probably a common problem among people, because the Enter key is usually the last key we press when we complete something. Probably out of a sense of excitement of victory, everyone is typing this key. I always hit the Enter key so hard and cheerfully. This is how many of my keyboards were scrapped. The first one to lose sight of the words was AWSD (haha, I know it all), and the first key to become unusable was Enter. (Quote)

Speaker

We tend to ignore the existence of the speaker. Maybe we don’t need to look at it, and the moving music can reach our ears. We should be grateful for the auditory impact it has given us, so we should treat it well. Let me introduce some things that you may not know.

1． Correctly set the sound card output mode. Generally we use the integrated AC97 sound card. There are 3 interfaces on the back panel of the chassis. We usually use active speakers, so the line output interface (green) should be plugged in, and the red interface is for the microphone, and the other one is Line input (analog input) interface (blue).

2． When turning on, shutting down, restarting, etc., the volume of the speaker should be turned down to the minimum or the power supply should be turned off to prevent damage to the speaker due to high current.

3． Do not operate the speaker at high volume for a long time. On the one hand, it is not good for human hearing, and on the other hand, it is easy to burn the power supply and amplifier circuit.

4. Pay attention to the placement of speakers. The correct method should be: center the monitor, place it symmetrically left and right, and ensure that the speaker speakers are facing the user. The subwoofer is not very directional and the position can be more flexible. For speakers that are often used at high volumes, do not place the speakers directly. on the computer desk (especially the subwoofer) to avoid vibration from the computer desk causing distortion. At the same time, larger vibrations are also harmful to high-speed hard drives and optical drives.

U disk (mp3), mobile hard disk

With the sharp decline in the price of U disk (mp3), more and more people own them among students. It can be said that they have Replace floppy drives (floppy disks) as the new removable storage. Its advantages: small size, large capacity, stable operation and easy storage. Moreover, U disk (mp3) has good shock resistance. The disadvantage is that incorrect use and static electricity can easily damage it. Pay special attention to exiting the U disk program before removing the disk.

Mobile hard drives are removable storage with larger capacity and use micro hard drives inside. For students, its current market price is still high (relative to the price of hard drives), and the size of mobile hard drives is smaller. (But it is still much larger than a USB flash drive), and its shock resistance is better than a hard disk, but don't think it is indestructible, especially when it is working, it is best not to move it.

Other hardware maintenance knowledge

1. The correct way to start up: first turn on the peripherals (monitor, printer, UPS, etc.) and then turn on the host, because peripherals (especially CRT) generally generate high voltage (and then large current) when starting up, which will impact the motherboard CPU chip. The correct way to shut down is Start--Shut down the system--Shut down--OK. After completely shutting down the host, turn off the startup switch of the peripheral equipment, and then turn off the main power switch. If soft shutdown is not possible, you can also turn off the host by pressing the start button for 3-5 seconds (do not use it when the hard disk is still running at high speed). Note, do not restart immediately after shutting down. People often remember that the CD is still in the CD-ROM drive as soon as they turn off their computer, or that there is still something unfinished, etc. Many people react quickly, remembering the moment they turn off the power, and then reach out to turn it on; some DIY experts are always quick to turn off the computer, solve the problem in ten seconds, and then turn it back on; little do they know that this is harmful to the computer How big. First, excessive pulse current impact damages internal equipment. Secondly, today's hard disks are all high-speed hard disks. When the power is cut off and the disk has not completely stopped rotating, restarting the hard disk will cause the hard disk to suddenly accelerate when decelerating, which is not good for the hard disk (suddenly shutting down or restarting the hard disk while the hard disk is running at high speed will cause the hard disk to suddenly decelerate, which is also harmful to the hard disk. unfavorable). Last but not least, in case of thunderstorms, power outages, unstable voltage, etc., it is best not to turn on the computer.

2． For newly equipped computers, some installation engineers install only half of the fixing screws for hard disks and drives for convenience. It is recommended that you install all the empty ones to prevent the fixing screws from becoming dirty after long-term use (because the hard disk and drive will vibrate when they operate). ).

3． Driver CDs and manuals for various computer boards and peripherals should be properly kept, especially motherboard manuals. If your computer breaks down and you ask a classmate to fix it, I think sometimes they may not know the model number just by looking at the motherboard (especially for old motherboards). If you lose the driver CD and don’t back up the driver on the hard disk, the cost will undoubtedly increase. The difficulty of their work.

4. When formatting (hard disk, U disk, mobile hard disk) and when restoring and upgrading BIOS, be sure not to cut off the power. In case there is a problem, it is better to find an expert to help you solve it.