-External fraud risk. Among all kinds of bank card risks, external fraud risk is the most serious and harmful one at present. Mainly through ATM cash withdrawal, POS cash withdrawal (consumption) or network (telephone) transfer and other channels to achieve fraud purposes. Fraud means mainly include: fake card fraud, directly defrauding customers' funds, and using ATM to defraud cards. -Transaction risks of intermediaries. Intermediary transaction risk refers to the risk that the cardholder or card issuer loses money due to illegal transactions or operations of special merchants. The transaction risks of intermediaries are mainly reflected in two types: one is that some unscrupulous merchants provide credit card cash transactions, which provides a channel for the realization of criminal purposes and causes transaction risks; One is the risk brought by the irregular (even illegal) credit card marketing behavior of intermediaries or individuals. -Internal operational risks. Internal operational risk refers to the risk that bank staff violate the rules or make mistakes, resulting in the loss of bank funds, or that staff members collude with criminals by taking advantage of their positions, resulting in the loss of funds of card issuers or customers. Compared with external fraud risk and intermediary transaction risk, such cases are not universal, but because they are done by internal professionals, the means are more hidden. -Credit risk of cardholders. At present, in the development of credit card business, banks pay more attention to scale than quality, so they can't effectively distinguish potential customers, and their credit control is not strict. Card issuers expand to high-risk groups, and high-risk events such as excessive consumption and overdraft of stock trading occur from time to time.