1. Geographical location Guangzhou - the capital of Guangdong Province, the political, economic, technological, educational and cultural center, and the largest coastal city in southern China.

Guangzhou is located at 113°17' east longitude and 23°8' north latitude. It is located in the southern part of mainland China, the central and southern part of Guangdong Province, and the northern edge of the Pearl River Delta. Guangzhou is on the South China Sea and adjacent to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Macao Special Administrative Region. It is China's southern gate to the world. Guangzhou is a hilly area. The terrain is high in the northeast and low in the southwest. The north and northeast are mountainous areas, the central part is hills and plateaus, and the south is the Pearl River Delta alluvial plain. The Pearl River, China's third largest river, runs through the center of Guangzhou.

2. Seasonal climate

Guangzhou is located in the subtropical zone, straddling the Tropic of Cancer. The annual average temperature is 20-22℃, the minimum temperature is about 0℃, and the maximum temperature is 38℃. The climate is pleasant. It is one of the big cities with the smallest average annual temperature difference in the country. Guangzhou has a subtropical monsoon climate. Because it is backed by mountains and faces the sea, it is characterized by warm and rainy weather, abundant light and heat, long summers, and short frost periods. The water and heat are at the same time throughout the year, and rainfall is abundant, which is conducive to plant growth, providing excellent conditions for Guangzhou, the "Flower City" with evergreens and colorful flowers all year round. The average annual rainfall is 1982.7 mm, and the average relative humidity is 77. Throughout the year, the rainy season is from April to June, the weather is hot with many typhoons from August to September, and the temperature is moderate from October to December, making it the best season for traveling.

3. Area, administrative divisions and population

The total area of ??Guangzhou is 7434.4 square kilometers, of which the 10 municipal districts cover an area of ??3718.5 square kilometers, accounting for 50.02% of the city’s total area. ; The area of ??2 county-level cities is 3715.9 square kilometers, accounting for 49.98%.

In 2005, with the approval of the Ministry of Civil Affairs of the State Council, the original 10 districts and 2 cities of Guangzhou City: Yuexiu District, Dongshan District, Haizhu District, Liwan District, Tianhe District, Baiyun District, Huangpu District, Fangcun District, Huadu District District, Panyu District, and two county-level cities, Conghua City and Zengcheng City, among which Yuexiu District and Dongshan District were merged into Yuexiu District; Liwan District and Fangcun District were merged into Nansha District; Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone was changed to Luogang District; Nansha The Economic and Technological Development Zone was changed to Nansha District.

New Guangzhou 10 districts and 2 cities: Yuexiu District, Haizhu District, Liwan District, Tianhe District, Baiyun District, Huangpu District, Huadu District, Panyu District, Luogang District, Nansha District, as well as Conghua City, There are two county-level cities in Zengcheng. The number of permanent residents in Guangzhou is approximately 7.2 million.

4. History and Culture

Guangzhou is a famous cultural city with a long history of more than 2,210 years. It is one of the first batch of historical and cultural cities in the country promulgated by the State Council. In the long history, there are many places of interest such as the Tomb of the Nanyue King, Guangxiao Temple, Zhenhai Tower, Liurong Temple, Nanhai Temple, Five Immortals Temple, Huaisheng Temple, Chen Family Ancestral Hall, Sacred Heart Hall, Sanyuan Palace, etc. They are all witnesses of the famous historical and cultural city of Guangzhou.

Guangzhou integrates the essence of Chinese and foreign cultures to form a unique Lingnan culture. Lingnan School of Painting, Lingnan Architecture, Lingnan Gardens, Lingnan Bonsai, Cantonese Music, Cantonese Opera, Cantonese Cuisine, Cantonese, urban landscapes, life customs, etc. all reflect the style of Lingnan culture.

5. History of foreign exchanges

Guangzhou has a long history of foreign exchanges. During the Qin and Han Dynasties (approximately 226 BC - 220 AD), Guangzhou, as the departure port of the ancient maritime "Silk Road", had frequent exchanges with overseas countries. China's silk fabrics, porcelain, ironware, copper coins, paper, gold and silver, etc. were shipped overseas with Guangzhou as the starting point, and were exchanged for jewelry, incense, ivory, rhino horn, etc. Guangzhou became the most famous trading port in the world at that time. By the Yuan Dynasty (about 1206-1368 AD), there were more than 140 countries and regions in the world that had trade relations with Guangzhou. In the Ming Dynasty (about 1368-1644 AD), Guangzhou had the "Export Commodity Fair". In the Qing Dynasty (1757), for a period of time, the Qing government implemented "one port for trade". Guangzhou became the only foreign trade port, and foreign exchanges became more frequent. The famous "Thirteen Banks" at that time were foreign companies that specialized in foreign trade. The prosperity of foreign trade also promoted cultural exchanges between Guangzhou and overseas.

6. International sister cities

Since the reform and opening up (1979), Guangzhou has established sister city relationships with 14 international cities around the world. At present, Guangzhou has become a formal member city of the World Association of Metropolitan Cities.

7. Transportation

Guangzhou is the sea, land and air transportation center in South China.

Yangchengtong

Yangchengtong is an electronic toll collection system in Guangzhou. The card is the same size as a credit card and has a built-in chip. When using, the payment process can be completed by placing the card on the receiver. , can be used to pay for public transportation such as buses, taxis, subways, and ferries in Guangzhou. Guangzhou Metro provides Yangcheng Tong users with a 15% discount on one-way fares. Yangcheng Tong can also be used on The checkout function of certain designated supermarkets, fast food restaurants and all 7-11 convenience stores is similar to the Octopus in Hong Kong.

Motorcycle Ban

Starting from May 1, 2004, Guangzhou City has banned motorcycles from driving in urban areas in three stages. In the first stage, starting from May 1, 2004, motorcycles were prohibited from driving on some roads in the central city except during the peak hours of commuting and get off work. In the second stage, starting from January 1, 2006, motorcycles were prohibited from driving on Dongfeng Road 24 hours a day. , Jiefang Road, Renmin Road and other main roads in the central city are banned from motorcycles; in the third stage, starting from January 1, 2007, motorcycles are completely prohibited in the central city 24 hours a day. In addition, electric bicycles are also prohibited from being licensed and driven.

7.1. Shipping

Guangzhou Port, the third largest port in China, is the main material distribution center and the largest international trade hub port in the Pearl River Delta and South China. It has now connected with more than 170 countries around the world. More than 500 ports in the country and region have trade exchanges, with an annual cargo throughput of 167 million tons.

Huangpu New Port and Xinsha Port are located in the east of Guangzhou and at the outlet of the Pearl River. They are both the largest container terminals in South China.

Lianhuashan Port, Nansha Port, Guangzhou Development Zone Suigang Terminal and Zengcheng Xintang Port have opened passenger and cargo ships to and from Hong Kong, and Huadu District has opened cargo ships to and from Hong Kong.

Inland rivers can connect various parts of Guangdong Province and Guangxi Province along the East, West and Beijiang waterways, and are connected to more than 100 rivers.

7.2. Land transportation

The railways include Beijing-Guangzhou Double Line, Guangzhou-Maoming Line, Guangmei-Shantou Line, Guangzhou-Shenzhen Line, Guangzhou-Jiujiu High-speed Railway, and the Guangzhou-Zhuhai Railway under construction The Australian Railway and the Wuhan-Guangzhou Passenger Line form a railway network extending in all directions.

Road transportation has basically formed with the urban area as the center, National Highways 105, 106, 107, 324, and 205 as the skeleton, and three loops as the tether, connecting various national highways and running through more than 97 kilometers in Guangdong Province. Counties, cities and towns, and connected to the highway network of neighboring provinces and cities. The city's transportation facilities and highway construction are developing rapidly. At present, the urban rapid transit skeleton network has been initially built: Inner Ring Road, Ring Expressway, North Second Ring Expressway, New International Airport Expressway, South China Road Phase I Project, Guangyuan East Road and four inner ring radial lines.

Guangzhou’s urban public transportation has an average daily passenger volume of 4.81 million passengers. Plan and formulate a rapid rail network transportation plan for seven lines. Among them, Metro Line 1, Line 2, and the University Town Line of Line 4 have been put into operation; it is expected that Line 3 will be fully opened by the end of 2006, and Line 4 will open a new line. -Huangge section.

7.3. Air transportation

Guangzhou Baiyun Airport is one of the three major international airports in China, with passenger throughput ranking among the top in the country. Guangzhou New Baiyun International Airport is a key construction project during the country's "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period. Upon completion, it will be the largest, most functional and most modern national hub airport in China. It is planned that by 2010, the passenger throughput will be 25 million and the freight throughput will be 1 million tons.

8. Economic Overview

Since the reform and opening up, Guangzhou has made remarkable achievements in economic construction. Industrial and agricultural production continued to grow steadily, and foreign economic and trade developed vigorously.

For more than 20 years, the city's national economy has continued to grow at an average annual rate of more than 14%. The current GDP has exceeded 300 billion yuan, and the per capita GDP has exceeded 5,000 US dollars. The comprehensive economic strength ranks among the top in the country. Guangzhou has become a central city with a strong industrial foundation, developed tertiary industry, and comprehensive and coordinated development of the national economy.

8.1. Agriculture

Guangzhou’s agriculture is based on “high quality, high yield, high efficiency” and “specialization, commercialization and socialization”. Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline production, and fishery have developed in an all-round way, and township and village enterprises have also developed rapidly, becoming the backbone of the rural economy. Guangzhou's agriculture is transforming into modern urban agriculture.

8.2. Industry

Guangzhou is an important industrial base in the country and a comprehensive industrial manufacturing center in South China. After years of development, it has formed a complete range of categories, relatively developed light industry, and a certain degree of heavy industry. An export-oriented modern industrial system with strong foundation, comprehensive supporting capabilities, scientific research and technology capabilities and product development capabilities. Guangzhou has 34 of the 40 industrial categories across the country. Guangzhou's industry occupies an important position in the city's national economy, with industrial added value accounting for more than 1/3 of the city's GDP. The industrial output value of the three pillar industries of automobile manufacturing, electronic communications and petrochemical industry accounts for about 1/3 of the city's total industrial output value. With the introduction of advanced technology, traditional industries such as textiles, food, medicine, and building materials have been upgraded. Many emerging industries and high-tech industries, led by electronic communications, home appliances, fine chemicals, petrochemicals, and other industries, have developed rapidly. Guangzhou's industry has obvious comparative advantages in the Pearl River Delta, South China and even Southeast Asia.

8.3. Foreign trade

As China’s earliest foreign trade port, Guangzhou has a long history and occupies a very important position in the world. The world-renowned China Export Commodity Fair ("Canton Fair") has been held in Guangzhou since the 1950s. It has the title of "China's No. 1 Exhibition" for its largest scale, longest duration, highest grade and largest transaction volume. The newly built Canton Fair venue, Guangzhou International Convention and Exhibition Center, will elevate "China's No. 1 Exhibition" to the level of a world-class expo.

Guangzhou International Convention and Exhibition Center is currently the second largest convention and exhibition center in the world and the largest in Asia. Its total land area is 700,000 square meters, of which the first phase land area is approximately 439,000 square meters, and the total construction area is approximately 395,000 square meters. It is a multi-purpose complex that can meet the needs of international commodity fairs, large-scale trade exhibitions, large-scale international conferences, etc. A functional, comprehensive and high-standard international conference and exhibition center.

8.4. Commerce

Guangzhou has many commercial outlets, complete industries, wide coverage, smart information, and smooth circulation channels. The city has more than 100,000 commercial outlets, ranking first among the top ten cities in the country. Large shopping malls, large warehouse-style wholesale and retail shopping malls, illuminated night markets, bazaars, etc. form a diversified market network.

8.5. Tourism industry

Guangzhou’s tourism industry has a multi-functional, multi-level, all-round service pattern integrating tourism, catering, accommodation, shopping and entertainment. Numerous cultural relics, scenic spots and cultural landscapes make tourists linger here. The Cantonese cuisine and various Chinese and foreign flavors are complete in color, aroma, taste and shape, giving Guangzhou the reputation of "Food in Guangzhou". It has many five-star hotels and many guesthouses and inns of different grades. "Guangzhou One-Day Tour" has become a distinctive brand of Guangzhou tourism.

8.6. Finance and insurance industry

Guangzhou is one of the three major financial centers in the country with an active financial market. It is the central city with the strongest financing capacity in South China and the second largest foreign-funded bank in the country. Cities that have been granted access. Financial institutions are developing rapidly and have a complete range of categories; the pace of financial opening up to the outside world is accelerating, and foreign financial institutions are gradually increasing; the scale of financial business is expanding day by day, and the level of financial services is constantly improving; the capital capacity is constantly expanding, and the types are increasing. Currently, foreign financial institutions have established more than 30 branches and offices in Guangzhou; foreign insurance institutions have established more than 10 branches and offices in Guangzhou.

The People's Bank of China sets up Guangzhou Branch in Guangzhou.

8.7. Real estate industry

The comprehensive development of Guangzhou’s real estate industry (including residential buildings, commercial buildings and office buildings, etc.) ranks among the best in the country. Investment in real estate development has grown continuously, rapidly and steadily; the source of funds for real estate development investment is relatively sufficient and the degree of marketization is high; over the years, the municipal government has continued to invest heavily in urban infrastructure construction, and various living and supporting facilities have been increasingly improved. Make the development structure of Guangzhou’s real estate industry more reasonable.

8.8. Telecommunications Industry

Guangzhou is the information center of South China. It has a relatively complete information infrastructure. It is one of the three major exports of long-distance telecommunications business in my country and is also the three core of the national Internet. It is one of the nodes and international exports and one of the three major national Internet exchange centers. At present, Guangzhou has built a high-quality broadband information network with high bandwidth, covering the whole city, reliable and secure, advanced technology and complete service types. It has basically realized the laying of optical fiber to residential areas and some commercial buildings, and established business platforms such as broadband data and interactive video. . Guangzhou's program-controlled local calls, local calls and mobile phone penetration rates rank first among provincial capital cities in the country.

9. Military

Guangzhou is the headquarters of the Guangzhou Military Region and an important military base in South China.

10. Education

Guangzhou has the largest number of universities in South China. Well-known universities such as Sun Yat-sen University and South China University of Technology are all located in Guangzhou city.

11 .Historical evolution

Guangzhou has a history of civilization of more than 4,000 years. During the Neolithic Age, the "Baiyue" people here created the Lingnan culture in the Lingnan region. In the 33rd year of Qin Shihuang (214 BC), Qin unified Lingnan and established Nanhai County. The county was governed in Panyu and governed 4 counties. The "Renxiao City" built by the county captain Renxiao has a history of 2213 years. In 206 BC, Zhao Tuo established the Nanyue Kingdom and built Zhao Tuo City "Zhou Shili". In the sixth year of Yuanding (111 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Han Dynasty pacified the Nanyue Kingdom and divided the territory of Nanyue into nine counties including Nanhai. Nanhai County was governed in Panyu. In the fifth year of Wu Huangwu (226 BC), Sun Quan established Jiaozhou and Guangzhou. The south of Hepu was Jiaozhou and the north was Guangzhou. This is where the name Guangzhou comes from. In the third year of Zhenming in the Later Liang Dynasty (917), Liu Yan, the military governor of the Qing Dynasty, established the Dayue Kingdom in Guangzhou. The country was named Han and was known as the Southern Han Dynasty in history. In the third year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1646), Zhu Yu established himself as emperor in Guangzhou, with the reign name Shaowu and the historical name Nanming. On February 15, 1921, the Guangzhou City Hall was established, and Sun Ke was appointed as the first mayor of Guangzhou. This was the beginning of the founding of Guangzhou. On October 21, 1938, the Japanese army occupied Guangzhou and began a seven-year period of occupation. On October 14, 1949, Guangzhou was liberated. On October 28, the Guangzhou Municipal People's Government was established, with Ye Jianying serving as mayor. In 1954, the central government decided to abolish the six major administrative regions of North China, Northeast China, Northwest China, East China, Central South China, and Southwest China, and Guangzhou City was placed under the leadership of Guangdong Province. On September 20, 1960, Guangzhou City began to implement the administrative system of "city governing counties".

Guangzhou was called "Chu Ting" in ancient times. According to historical records, as early as the Zhou Dynasty in the 9th century BC, the "Baiyue tribe" living here had close contacts with the Chu people in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The locals commemorate this friendship with "Chu Ting", which is the earliest name of Guangzhou.

In ancient times, Guangzhou was the ancient capital of three dynasties. In the early Han Dynasty, Zhao Tuo established the Nanyue Kingdom in Guangzhou; during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the "Southern Han Kingdom" was established here; in addition, the literary masterpiece "The Peach Blossom Fan" mentions The "Nan Ming" dynasty (founded at the end of the Ming Dynasty, the regime lasted only 40 days) also established its capital in Guangzhou. Guangzhou is a modern metropolis that is both full of vitality and retains ancient traditions. It is one of the first 24 historical and cultural cities in the country announced by the State Council, and is also an outstanding tourist city in the country. The mountains and rivers here are beautiful, the scenery is beautiful, the natural landscape and the cultural landscape complement each other, and the market style and the modern urban landscape complement each other. It is a place worth visiting.

Guangzhou was once a tropical and subtropical forest in ancient times, and today it is still a kingdom of plants. South China Botanical Garden, Yuntai Garden, Liuhua Lake Park, People's Park, Luhu Park, Dongshan Lake Park, etc. fully demonstrate the garden characteristics of South China. On the outskirts of the city, there are also Conghua Hot Spring Scenic Area, Conghua Liuxihe National Forest Park, and Furongzhang Scenic Area. etc.

The main local cultural landscapes include the Tomb of the King of Nanyue, Zhenhai Tower, Xiguan House, Sanyuanli Anti-British Struggle Site, Whampoa Military Academy Site, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, etc., which can be used by future generations to commemorate the heroic deeds of their ancestors. .

Important data

Abbreviation: Sui

Location: Located in southern mainland China, central Guangdong Province, and the northern edge of the Pearl River Delta. It is close to the South China Sea, backed by Baiyun Mountain, and the Pearl River passes through the city. The three major tributaries of the Pearl River, namely Dongjiang, Xijiang, and Beijiang, converge here and flow into the South China Sea.

Area: The total area is 7434.4 square kilometers, of which the urban area is 1443 square kilometers.

Districts: Yuexiu District, Haizhu District, Liwan District, Tianhe District, Baiyun District, Huangpu District, Nansha District, Luogang District, Panyu District, Huadu District, Conghua City, Zengcheng City.

City flower: Red cotton

City tree: Kapok tree

City bird: Thrush

Area code: 020

Postcode: 510000

Landscape: Baiyun Mountain, Yuexiu Park, etc.

Tourist attractions:

Baiyun Mountain South China Botanical Garden Luhu Park Luogang Scenic Area Yuntai Garden Sanyuanli Site of the Anti-British Struggle

Guangxiao Temple Stone Chamber Sacred Heart Cathedral Yuexiu Park (Yuexiu Mountain) Zhenhai Tower Liuhua Lake Park Orchid Garden

Western Han Dynasty Nanyue King Museum Sanyuan Palace Guangdong Provincial Museum, Guangzhou Uprising Martyrs Cemetery, Guangzhou Cultural Park, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall

Wuxianguan, the former site of the Kuomintang's "First", Huanghuagang, the 72nd Martyrs Cemetery, the former site of Guangzhou Peasant Movement Institute, Guangzhou Zoo, Xiangjiang Wildlife World, Lotus Mountain

[Origin of the city’s name]

Guangzhou is a famous cultural city with a history of more than 2,210 years. It is one of the 62 national historical and cultural cities promulgated by the State Council. According to historical records, in the Zhou Dynasty in the 9th century BC, the "Baiyue" people here had contacts with the Chu people in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. "Chu Ting" was specially built to commemorate this friendship. This is the earliest name for Guangzhou.

In 214 BC (the thirty-third year of Qin Shi Huang), Qin Shi Huang unified Lingnan and established three counties: Nanhai, Guilin, and Xiang in the Lingnan area, with counties below the counties. Among them, Nanhai County governs four counties including Panyu and Longchuan.

Nanhai County, the seat of political and military institutions, was located here. It was called Fanyu at that time, and the city was built here. This was the year when Guangzhou was founded. In 226 AD (the fifth year of Wu Huangwu), Sun Quan of the Eastern Wu Dynasty separated four counties including Nanhai and Cangwu from the original Jiaozhou and established Guangzhou. Because the state was originally governed by Guangxin (today's Wuzhou and Fengkai area), Guangzhou was named after Guangzhou. The word "Guang" of letter. After the separation of Jiao and Guangzhou, the prefecture of Guangzhou was moved to Panyu, and the name Guangzhou came from this.