1. The main problems facing the development of China's animal husbandry. The restrictions on the available resources of animal husbandry include feed resources, livestock resources, human resources and climate resources. The most prominent thing is feed resources. Feed resources are one of the most important material bases for animal husbandry production. The available feed resources in China are facing the following limitations: ① Shortage of feed grain and regional imbalance-slow growth of grain output, unstable corn output, corn production concentrated in Northeast China and North China, while corn shortage in South China. After the problem of food and clothing is basically solved, the food problem in China is actually to solve the problem of feed grain shortage. ② There is a serious shortage of feed in protein feed with protein deficiency, which seriously affects the improvement of feed conversion efficiency; In recent years, China began to import a large number of protein feed, and the soybean meal import amount reached 5 million tons in197 alone. (3) The foundation of feed industry is weak-the operating rate of feed processing industry is low, and the promotion of complete compound feed is still low; Some high-tech feed additive products still rely on imports; Industrial feed that has been industrialized abroad, such as single cell protein feed, has not yet entered the development stage in China. (4) Serious grassland degradation-grassland management can't keep up with grassland desertification and degradation, which is far from the required sustainable development path. 2. The aquaculture production level is low and the scientific and technological reserves are insufficient. ① Low production level. Generally speaking, there is still a big gap between China's animal husbandry production level and developed countries, and there are mainly "five lows and one high" problems: low individual production capacity of livestock and poultry, low feed conversion efficiency, low comprehensive grassland production capacity, low labor production efficiency, low per capita supply level of animal products and animal protein, and high mortality rate of livestock and poultry. The above-mentioned "five lows and one high" problem is also the potential of animal husbandry development in China. (2) Insufficient scientific and technological reserves From the current situation, although China's animal husbandry scientific research has made many achievements, the role of scientific and technological progress in aquaculture economic growth is higher than that of the whole agricultural scientific and technological progress, but the conversion efficiency of existing scientific and technological achievements is still very low, and there are few breakthrough scientific and technological reserves that can solve the development goal of aquaculture in the next century to meet the demand growth of/kloc-0.6 billion people for animal food. In addition, there is still a lot of research on single aquaculture technology, but there is not much research on the comprehensive technology of matching, assembly and integration. Aquaculture research-experiment-development-industrialization system has not yet formed. 3. The infrastructure system of animal husbandry is weak. Great progress has been made in large-scale aquaculture in China since 1980. However, one family is still the main body of aquaculture in China. Whether it is large-scale farming or small-scale farmer farming, the improvement of its technology and production level must be based on the infrastructure system necessary for the development of aquaculture. Generally speaking, the basic implementation system of animal husbandry should include livestock and poultry breeding system, animal disease prevention system, feed production and feed industry system, product fresh-keeping processing and storage and transportation system, product information and circulation system, scientific research education and social service system. Since the reform and opening up, although the basic implementation system of aquaculture in China has been greatly improved, there is still a considerable gap compared with developed countries, and the development degree of each system is also extremely uneven. 4. Weak macro-control, low development of product market system. It must be clear here that macro-control is a government action under market conditions. The so-called government macro-control of animal husbandry means that the aquaculture management department of the government, guided by policies, laws and their supporting regulations, adopts economic and administrative means such as investment, credit, price, taxation and subsidies to adjust and monitor the total amount and structure of animal husbandry resource allocation, product production and market demand, and finally coordinate the interests of producers, operators and consumers. At present, China's animal husbandry laws and regulations are still far from perfect, and there is no effective means to protect animal husbandry production. The current animal husbandry management system, especially the production and marketing of livestock products, is divided and designed according to the planned economy, which can not meet the needs of the development of market economy. As the Ministry of Agriculture, which is in charge of agriculture and rural economic development, still lacks or simply does not master any of the above-mentioned economic and administrative control means. Once the aquaculture production or product market fluctuates, the government can only take some short-term or irregular regulation actions through the coordination between multiple departments, and it has a certain tendency to give priority to protecting urban consumers, so it is difficult to protect the interests of producers and consumers at the same time, and often gives intermediate operators an opportunity. (2) The market development is low, and the market information is easily distorted. After about 20 years of reform, the market trade and wholesale market of livestock products have developed rapidly, but an efficient marketing system of livestock products and a unified national market have not yet been formed, and the market of livestock products and related products has failed to provide real market information in time. Due to the imperfect market system, incomplete types, rough implementation and irregular trading behavior, the role of market self-regulation can not be fully exerted, and the competition mechanism in circulation can not be fully exerted, which may lead to high circulation costs. Countermeasures and measures for sustainable development of animal husbandry. It is a systematic project to strengthen the macro-control of aquaculture by the government and realize the effective macro-control of aquaculture by the government. In the long run, the first thing is to complete the management system reform of all-round centralized operation of aquaculture. Referring to the experience of developed countries, this important task of centralized and unified management must be carried out on the shoulders of agricultural administrative departments. Secondly, we should strengthen the construction of animal husbandry laws and regulations. It is necessary to adhere to the existing effective laws and regulations on animal husbandry, veterinary drugs, aquatic products, feed, grasslands, etc., constantly improve the laws and regulations on animal husbandry, and strengthen the formulation of relevant industry standards. In the near future, in order to realize the effective macro-control of aquaculture by the government, first of all, the agricultural administrative department should gradually establish a perfect information and monitoring system for aquaculture resource allocation, product production and market demand from top to bottom, and take this as an important basis for macro-control. Secondly, the Ministry of Agriculture should put forward macro-control measures and countermeasures in time according to the dynamic information and analysis of aquaculture resource allocation, product production and market supply and demand changes, so as to effectively control the balance and growth rate of the total production and consumption of aquaculture products and the structural adjustment of product production and consumption. 2. Accelerate the integration of aquaculture production, supply and marketing. In addition to strengthening the infrastructure construction of aquaculture, establishing and improving the socialized service system, and enhancing the participation of aquaculture and feed industry associations, the agricultural sector should also actively and steadily develop various forms of aquaculture and feed industry groups, and accelerate the integration of aquaculture production, supply and marketing (that is, industrialization). Industrialization or integration of production, supply and marketing is the product of the development of market economy. In terms of resisting market risks, aquaculture and feed industry are closely related twin brothers, and they are more likely to combine to form an industrial group integrating production, supply and marketing. The so-called integration of aquaculture refers to the integration of all links in the process of economic reproduction of aquaculture, that is, pre-production, mid-production and post-production, into a complete industrial system. Its basic connotation is market-oriented, economic benefits as the center, backbone enterprises as the leader, thousands of households as the foundation, and intermediary organizations such as cooperative organizations as the link to implement a production and management system of feeding, production and supply, animal husbandry industry and commerce, animal husbandry and science and education in a certain area. Aquaculture integration has the comprehensive characteristics of specialization of production, regionalization of layout, integration of management, socialization of service and enterprise management. The core of aquaculture integration is to form a complete aquaculture product production and management system. * * * Common interests are the foundation of integration and the fundamental driving force for its development. Therefore, whether the participants in the integration form the same economic interest body is the basic condition to measure whether an operation is industrialized. Only when all parties concerned form the same interest subject in the form of contract or contract, reduce intermediate links, reduce transaction costs, and establish a security system of "risk sharing and benefit sharing" can we enhance our ability to prevent risks, improve the comparative interests of aquaculture production, realize the self-accumulation, independent development and stable and sustained growth of aquaculture, and not only ensure effective social supply, but also increase farmers' income. 3. Cultivate the aquatic product market and improve the circulation environment. In addition to continuing to stabilize and develop the urban and rural markets, a number of live animals (including breeding animals and young animals) and aquatic seedlings will be established in the main producing areas; Establish different types and levels of aquatic products wholesale markets and futures markets in centralized production and marketing areas; At the same time, encourage long-distance trafficking and other forms of circulation to invigorate the circulation of aquatic products. While improving the implementation of the wholesale market, we should pay attention to the construction of market information system to provide accurate market information for producers, operators and consumers. 4. Vigorously develop feed resources, develop feed industry and improve the utilization rate of feed resources. In view of the shortage of feed resources and low efficiency of feed utilization in China, on the one hand, we should vigorously develop feed resources; On the other hand, we should speed up the construction of feed industry and improve the utilization efficiency of existing feed resources. The main ways are as follows: ① adjusting planting structure and establishing feed grain production base. At present, the amount of feed grain has accounted for more than 30% of China's total grain output, and it will be expanded day by day in the future. Therefore, the production structure of planting industry should gradually change from the traditional dual structure of grain-cash crops to the ternary structure of grain-cash crops-feed crops, and establish a production base of high-yield and high-quality feed grains (corn and barley). ② Developing feed resources in protein. Efforts should be made to expand the planting area of beans, improve the oil processing technology, and improve the quality of cake and feed effect. Popularize detoxification technology of cotton and rapeseed, and improve the utilization rate of cotton and rapeseed cake as feed. Popularize the intercropping technology of forest and grass in orchard and plant excellent leguminous forage. Expand the development and utilization of food industry and slaughterhouse waste as feed, urea non-protein nitrogen feed and single cell protein feed. ③ Accelerate the development of feed industry. Feed industry includes feed raw material industry, feed processing industry, feed additive industry, feed machinery industry and feed industry support system. At present, we should focus on the research, development and production of new feed additive products, and solve the supply problems of concentrated feed and compound feed needed for large-scale farming and premix needed for decentralized farming by farmers. ④ Make full use of straw resources in agricultural areas. It is necessary to vigorously promote straw silage and ammoniation technology, advocate returning straw to the field after abdomen, develop cattle, sheep and ruminants, and increase the output of meat and milk. 5. According to the resource advantages, optimize the product structure of aquaculture and implement the regional development of aquaculture. From a national perspective, according to the supply and demand situation of livestock products, the goals of China's livestock industry structure adjustment in the near future are "two stabilities", "two accelerations" and "two highlights", that is, to steadily develop the production of pigs and eggs, accelerate the production of cattle, sheep and broilers, and highlight the production of milk and high-quality fine wool. No matter in agricultural areas, pastoral areas or suburbs of large and medium-sized cities, we should choose aquaculture projects with priority development and implement regional industrial cluster development according to the advantages of local aquaculture resources (including climate, ecology, feed, technology, capital and other resources) and market demand, so as to facilitate the formation and development of aquaculture industrialization. Never follow the popular "special forces craze" in society. 6. Rely on scientific and technological progress to accelerate the popularization and application of scientific and technological achievements. The technical route of aquaculture development in China in 2 1 century should follow the following principles: ① Take scientific research and technological development as the guide, attach importance to the integration of animal husbandry science and technology, speed up the popularization of scientific and technological achievements, give full play to the role of scientific and technological progress in the economic growth of animal husbandry, continuously improve the supply capacity of livestock products, and meet the growth of animal food demand of 2 1 century/0/600 million population. ② Taking "developing and utilizing feed resources and improving feed conversion efficiency" as the main direction, a scientific research system combining research, experiment, development and industrialization with multidisciplinary participation has been established. ③ Market-oriented, develop regional intensive animal husbandry production system. ④ Improve the breeding technology of livestock, poultry and fish varieties, pay attention to improving the existing livestock, poultry and fish varieties while introducing excellent livestock and fish germplasm, and give full play to the advantages of domestic excellent germplasm. ⑤ Develop and introduce comprehensive prevention and control technologies for livestock and poultry diseases, improve the production systems for disease prevention and control, veterinary drugs and biopharmaceuticals, reduce the mortality rate of livestock and poultry, and improve product quality.