After more than 30 years of reform and opening-up, China has generally entered the development stage of promoting agriculture through industry and bringing rural areas through cities. The ability of industry to feed back agriculture and cities to support rural areas has been significantly enhanced, and the development of agriculture and rural areas is facing important historical opportunities. At the same time, we should also see that under the background of China's rapid economic growth, accelerated transformation of development mode, accelerated transformation of social structure and profound changes in interest pattern, the situation of weak agricultural foundation, backward rural development and difficulties in increasing farmers' income has not fundamentally changed, the trend of widening urban-rural development gap has not been curbed, and the deep-seated contradictions caused by urban-rural dual structure are still outstanding. Therefore, building a well-off society in an all-round way and promoting socialist modernization in an all-round way are the most arduous and arduous tasks in rural areas. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, it is an important task to simultaneously promote agricultural modernization in the in-depth development of industrialization and urbanization. We should persist in taking solving the "three rural issues" as the top priority of the whole party's work, coordinate urban and rural development, strengthen the policy of strengthening agriculture and benefiting farmers, consolidate the foundation of agricultural and rural development, improve the level of agricultural modernization and farmers' living standards, and build a beautiful home for farmers to live happily. 1. Consolidate and improve the basic economic and social system in rural areas and lay the foundation for long-term stability in rural areas. The basic economic and social system in China's rural areas is embodied in a two-tier management system based on household contract management, which is based on the land property right system characterized by "collective ownership of land and long-term use by farmers". Consolidating the basic economic and social system in rural areas is related to the fundamental interests of farmers and the long-term stability of rural areas, which requires further unified understanding and clear direction. First, further improve the rural land property rights system. Land problem is the difficulty and focus of the current "three rural" policy. In terms of policy, we should grasp the following four directional issues: First, the land is confirmed, with farmers as the center. Clarifying land ownership is the most basic work to improve the land system. It is necessary to further clarify the power of farmers' land contractual management right, the connotation and realization form of farmers' usufructuary right of homestead, issue farmers with land contractual management right certificate and homestead use right certificate with more clear legal effect on the basis of confirming the right, and accelerate the establishment of a unified and authoritative agricultural land right registration system in China. You can choose several provinces to carry out pilot projects and push them across the country as soon as possible. Second, farmland is owned by farmers and used for agriculture. It is not the direction of the reform of agricultural management system to make the company legal person become the main body of agricultural management and turn farmers into agricultural laborers. In the process of land transfer, it is necessary to ensure the main position of farmers' household contract management, strictly control the use, prevent industrial and commercial enterprises from leasing and operating farmers' contracted land for a long time and in a large area, and prevent large-scale land merger from spreading throughout the country before the large-scale transfer of agricultural population. Third, there is land at home, and there is evidence to advance and retreat. We should fully understand the special importance of land to farmers' living security and fully estimate the risk of economic growth fluctuation in China in the future. When farmers are not firmly rooted in cities, they cannot easily pull out contracted land in rural areas. This is the need to protect farmers' interests, promote the healthy development of urbanization and social harmony and stability. After farmers settle in cities, whether to give up contracted land and homestead should emphasize "voluntariness", and "double giving up" (giving up contracted land and homestead) cannot be regarded as a prerequisite for farmers to settle in cities, and farmers cannot be forced to retreat. Fourth, land revenue is shared between urban and rural areas. It is necessary to improve the compensation mechanism for land acquisition and compensate landless farmers according to the market value of land. In recent years, many areas have rapidly promoted homestead consolidation and village renovation, which has obvious advantages in saving land, striving for urban development and industrial construction land indicators. However, the shortage of land for industrial and urban development can not be solved mainly by "tearing down villages to make room", and there is also great potential to revitalize urban stock construction land; Urban construction is short of money, and it is impossible to raise funds by developing and operating rural collective construction land. Farmers must be allowed to share the benefits brought by the development and operation of collective construction land to the maximum extent, so as to truly benefit farmers. Violent demolition and land expropriation have become the focus of public opinion. We should rectify and standardize land acquisition and demolition from the aspects of perfecting laws and regulations, perfecting compensation mechanism, strengthening accountability and strengthening supervision. Second, on the basis of ensuring the main position of farmers' household contract management, we should speed up the "two transformations" of agricultural management mode, that is, the transformation of household management to the direction of adopting advanced technology and production means, the transformation of unified management to the development of farmers' union and cooperation, and form a diversified, multi-level and multi-form management service system. Unswervingly adhere to the family business model and improve the intensive level of family business. It is also necessary to improve the unified agricultural management service system, further play the role of village-level collective organizations in unified management services, increase support for farmers' professional cooperatives, and improve the degree of farmers' organization. Vigorously develop diversified agricultural service system, accelerate the reform and construction of agricultural technology extension system, strengthen public welfare services, accelerate the cultivation of various agricultural socialized service organizations, and do a good job in information, technology, purchase and sale, finance, agricultural machinery and other all-round services. Second, to ensure the national food and agricultural industry security and improve the international competitiveness of agriculture "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" and later, the basic characteristics of China's food security are: fragile balance, forced balance and tense balance. The so-called fragile balance is the lack of resources to ensure food security, which is manifested in the continuous reduction of cultivated land and the increasing shortage of water resources. The so-called forced balance means that the cost of growing grain increases rapidly, and the farmers' comparative income from growing grain is not high, which is included in the cost of water resources and all labor costs. The actual cost of grain production in China is higher than the average cost in the world, which requires strong government leadership to ensure food security. The so-called tight balance means that the total supply is not plentiful and the food security of the whole population cannot be guaranteed. According to the past experience and the current situation of grain output, price and inventory, it is predicted that during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, China's agricultural production will enter a new round of structural adjustment, and the tendency of neglecting grain production may rise again. If necessary measures are not taken to ensure the grain planting area, the grain output will be greatly reduced, and domestic food prices may rise again. Food security is the foundation of national security, and achieving basic self-sufficiency in food based on domestic conditions is the "bottom line" of China's agricultural policy. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the grain self-sufficiency rate should be kept above 95%. In 20 15, the national population will reach13.77 million, and the per capita grain demand is calculated as 400 kg. China's total grain demand is 550.8 million tons, with a self-sufficiency rate of 95%, which requires domestic production of 523.26 million tons. China's grain production potential is considerable. By strengthening the transformation of low-and medium-yield fields and technological progress, the total output can basically meet the domestic grain demand. To prevent a new decline in grain output and ensure food security, from the perspective of policy deployment, the first is to establish the strictest farmland protection system, strengthen the legal responsibility for the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation, establish a compensation mechanism for basic farmland protection, and maintain the stability of grain planting area. The second is to strengthen the capital construction of farmland water conservancy and improve the disaster resistance of grain. The third is to give more play to the regulatory role of market prices in grain production. In the accounting of grain cost, the cost of water resources should be fully included step by step to make the cost of grain production explicit. Fourth, improve the grain subsidy policy to ensure farmers' basic income from growing grain. The fifth is to build a fast and convenient grain circulation system. Sixth, increase the promotion of excellent grain varieties and key measures to increase production, and strive to increase grain yield per unit area. Seventh, implement local food security responsibilities, establish a national food security guarantee fund, and improve the interest compensation mechanism in major grain producing areas. Since China's entry into WTO, with the deepening connection between China's agriculture and the international market, at present, China's agricultural development has entered a stage of high dependence on foreign resources and markets. The self-sufficiency rate of China's grain, including soybeans, has dropped below 95%, the self-sufficiency rate of edible oil has dropped below 50%, and the self-sufficiency rate of cotton is about 60%. With the improvement of agricultural opening to the outside world, the role of international price transmission mechanism is obviously enhanced, and the pressure of domestic market price increase is increasing. At the same time, it is more difficult to promote the export of superior agricultural products due to various technical barriers to trade and other measures. Under the existing supply conditions of production factors such as cultivated land, labor force and water resources, it is impossible for all agricultural products to achieve self-sufficiency by domestic production. We should make overall use of international and domestic resources and markets, strive to improve the level and quality of agricultural opening up, win the initiative to use international markets and resources, and strive to improve the international competitiveness of China's agriculture. First, focus on optimizing the import and export structure of agricultural products. Improve the export promotion policies of superior agricultural products, and improve the export grade, added value and quality and safety level of superior agricultural products. Actively expand the import of scarce agricultural products, encourage the signing of long-term trade contracts with international suppliers, and establish stable import channels. Second, actively promote agriculture to "go global" and promote transnational agricultural investment. Three, to ensure that farmers continue to increase their income, improve their purchasing power, achieve the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, and let more than one billion people in China live a rich life, an important condition is to narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents. Therefore, we must vigorously promote farmers' income increase during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period. According to the central government, the per capita net income of farmers in 2020 will double that in 2008, equivalent to an average annual growth of 6%. From the past experience, it is possible to achieve the above goals. The opportunities and favorable factors mainly include: First, the demand for agricultural products is strong and the prices continue to rise. Second, the demand for rural labor is strong, and wages continue to rise. Third, the country's financial resources have been significantly enhanced, and it is conditional to take greater steps in the policy of feeding back agriculture and strengthening agriculture and benefiting farmers. But from the perspective of narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas, we are also facing severe challenges. If farmers' income increases by 6% every year and urban residents' income increases by 9% every year, by 2020, the per capita net income of farmers will reach 958 1 yuan, the per capita disposable income of urban residents will reach 44,387 yuan, the urban-rural gap will widen to 4.63: 1, and the absolute income gap will expand from the current 654.38+million yuan to more than 30,000 yuan. Even if the income of farmers doubles by 2020, if the disposable income of urban households continues to grow faster than the per capita net income of farmers, the income gap between urban and rural areas will continue to widen, which is a huge challenge for building a well-off society in an all-round way. Focusing on the central government's goal of increasing farmers' income, during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, we should vigorously create conditions to achieve rapid growth of farmers' income and strive to curb the widening income gap between urban and rural residents. First of all, tap the potential of increasing income within agriculture and improve the comparative benefits of agriculture. First, on the premise of ensuring that food security is not affected, optimize the agricultural structure, develop deep processing of agricultural products, and increase the added value of agricultural products. Support leading enterprises in agricultural industrialization, encourage them to establish a reasonable interest contact mechanism with farmers, and drive farmers to increase their income. The second is to expand various functions of agriculture and develop leisure agriculture and rural tourism. The third is to optimize the regional distribution of agriculture and accelerate the construction of advantageous industrial belts for agricultural products. The fourth is to improve the reserve system of important agricultural products. Improve the information collection and release system of agricultural products at home and abroad, and strengthen the monitoring and early warning of agricultural products market. The fifth is to improve the modern market circulation system of agricultural products and ensure the smooth circulation of agricultural products. Focus on the transformation and upgrading of large-scale agricultural products wholesale markets. Increase support for the construction of cold chain logistics system for fresh agricultural products. Further standardize and improve the agricultural futures market. Cultivate all kinds of new agricultural products marketing subjects. Sixth, increase financial support for the demonstration and popularization of new agricultural technologies, and accelerate the establishment of a nationwide public welfare agricultural technology extension service system. Secondly, promote the stable employment and full employment of rural labor force. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the new rural labor force in China will show a decreasing trend, but the overall employment pressure in rural areas is still great. At present, nearly 90% of the rural labor force under the age of 30 has been transferred to non-agricultural industries for employment. In addition to the new labor force that directly enters the labor market after graduating from junior high school every year, the surplus rural labor force is mainly middle-aged labor force over 40 years old. The knowledge and skills of these middle-aged rural surplus laborers often do not match the market demand. Because of children's education and parents' support, their opportunity cost of leaving home is high, and it is difficult to go out and change jobs. It is necessary to improve the conditions for farmers to work in cities and protect the legitimate rights and interests of farmers who work in cities and do business; Vigorously develop rural secondary and tertiary industries and encourage farmers to transfer to non-agricultural industries nearby; Strengthen the government's service for farmers to transfer employment and strengthen the vocational skills training for farmers' labor force; Establish a reasonable wage increase and payment guarantee mechanism for migrant workers; Encourage farmers to start their own businesses. Third, increase farmers' transfer income and property income. First, increase financial transfer payments to rural areas, and strive to make farmers get more benefits from policies and subsidies. Strengthen the supervision and inspection of agricultural subsidy funds, prevent interception, misuse and misappropriation of subsidy funds, and ensure that subsidy funds can be truly implemented in the hands of farmers. The second is to explore the effective realization form of collective economy, develop various forms of cooperative operation and joint-stock operation, explore rural collective organizations to participate in the development and operation of commercial land by means of shareholding lease, and rationally distribute land value-added income among the state, collectives and farmers so that more farmers can obtain property income. Fourth, accelerate the development of rural social undertakings and improve the level of rural public services. Generally speaking, during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, the national policy system and framework to support the accelerated development of rural social undertakings and improve rural public services were initially formed, but the standards were still relatively low. Generally speaking, the coverage of rural public finance is limited, the service level of rural public finance is low, and the contrast between urban and rural areas is great. The sunshine of public finance has not really shone into the countryside, and many things that should be done by public finance have not been put in place. Therefore, in accordance with the requirements of coordinating urban and rural development, during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, we should speed up the development of rural social public services, narrow the gap between urban and rural basic public services, make important progress in providing equal basic public services for urban and rural residents, and strive to achieve rural residents with education, income from work, medical care, old age and housing. In recent years, the central government's investment in rural areas has increased a lot, growing rapidly, but the rural population still accounts for more than 50% of the total population. At present, the central government's expenditure on agriculture, rural areas and farmers is calculated according to the widest caliber, accounting for about 10% of the total fiscal expenditure, which is not high. Therefore, we should not only look at the total amount and growth rate, but also look at the proportion. The State Council's leading comrades said that the amount of money invested by the state finance in rural areas is not too much, and its connotation is very deep. At present, the huge demand for public services in rural areas has not been met. Therefore, it is necessary to gradually increase the proportion of fiscal expenditure on agriculture, rural areas and farmers to the total fiscal expenditure, and make the cake of financial support for agriculture bigger. It is necessary to ensure that the incremental part of capital construction investment in the central financial budget is mainly used for agriculture and rural areas, and that the incremental part of land transfer income of governments at all levels is given priority for agricultural and rural infrastructure construction. We should not only emphasize increasing financial investment in agriculture, countryside and farmers, but also pay attention to guiding more social funds to invest in agriculture and rural areas. It is necessary to formulate and improve relevant laws and regulations as soon as possible, clearly define the connotation of "three rural" expenditures in the total fiscal expenditure, strengthen legal constraints, and establish a stable growth mechanism for financial funds "three rural" inputs. Pay close attention to dividing the central and local powers to support agriculture, improve the transfer payment method, and establish a financial support system that matches the central and local financial powers and powers. 5. Actively promoting the citizenization of migrant workers and improving the level of population urbanization are the fundamental signs of urbanization. It is an important task of urbanization to absorb the agricultural transfer population for employment and settlement in cities and towns, and it is also an important measure to break the dual structure of urban and rural areas. The stability of the transfer of migrant workers in China has been significantly improved, and the trend of "family-oriented" flow is obvious. The new generation of migrant workers have become the main body, their complex for land has weakened, their concepts, living habits and behaviors have become increasingly urbanized, and their willingness to integrate into the city is strong. With the acceleration of urbanization, we must conform to the laws of economic and social development and the wishes of hundreds of millions of migrant workers, implement the principles and policies of actively accepting migrant workers into cities, and gradually lift the restrictions on farmers' settlement in cities, so that qualified migrant workers can find jobs in cities and become urban residents. Looking at the exploration of promoting the reform of household registration system and the citizenization of migrant workers in various places, there are two main ideas: one is to let migrant workers obtain urban hukou on the premise of withdrawing from the rights and interests of collective members such as homestead and contracted land, and then obtain urban welfare and security in an all-round way; The other way is to gradually increase and constantly improve the public services of migrant workers, continuously reduce the welfare content of urban household registration, and gradually decouple household registration from welfare. To promote the process of urbanization of migrant workers, we should focus on the following "four integrations" in policy operation: First, we should start with the integration of migrant workers' children into schools. The integration of migrant workers' children into schools is the basis for farmers to integrate into cities. Cities should not only solve the problem of accepting migrant workers' children in public schools, but also actively explore "integrated education", open the door of urban high-quality educational resources to rural areas, open the arms of cities to warmly accept migrant workers' children, and let migrant workers' children integrate into urban schools as soon as possible. At present, it is common for migrant workers' children to abandon high school after graduating from junior high school. To solve this problem, we should not only strive to reflect the fairness of the starting point and process of compulsory education, but also speed up the connection between compulsory education and high school education, so that the children of migrant workers can enter high school education smoothly and enhance their employability by reducing tuition fees and subsidies. The second is to gradually integrate migrant workers into enterprises and promote harmonious and stable labor relations. It is necessary to raise the wages of migrant workers reasonably and steadily, safeguard their legitimate rights and interests, improve the laws and regulations on rights protection, and improve the rights protection mechanism. The third is to promote the integration of migrant workers into urban communities. Allow migrant workers to participate in community autonomy and provide a platform for migrant workers to express their wishes. The fourth is to bring migrant workers into the urban public service system. The process of citizenization of migrant workers is essentially the process of equalization of public services. In this process, the conversion of accounts is a form, and the sharing of services is real. Citizenship is a long-term process, and the promotion of services cannot be achieved overnight. We should take the lead in realizing equal treatment for public services such as compulsory education, employment training, vocational education and family planning. Low income, affordable housing, low-rent housing, etc. Migrant workers who are closely related to urban household registration should also gradually cover eligible migrant workers.

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