Current location - Trademark Inquiry Complete Network - Futures platform - Political reforms in various countries in the early Warring States Period.
Political reforms in various countries in the early Warring States Period.
During the Warring States period, ironware began to appear and be used, replacing stone tools and working hand in hand with bronzes. The prosperity of commerce promoted the development of money, while the Jingtian system in the Spring and Autumn Period was abolished. With the further development of agriculture, the population of all countries has increased. The production level of iron smelting, copper casting, lacquerware and silk weaving in handicraft industry has been significantly improved, and the commercial trade between countries has been vigorously developed. The contradiction between population and resources has intensified. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the war of annexation of land by vassal states for the survival space replaced political hegemony.

These developments have also changed the social structure. The hereditary hierarchy was disintegrated, and some former nobles lost their position, while others at that time became rich through business or other opportunities, and even became pivotal figures in political groups. The bureaucracy has changed.

In order to cope with these changes, countries have adopted different reform measures. Wei was the first person to start the reform. In the first 445 years after Wei Wenhou succeeded to the throne, he studied under Confucius such as Xia Zi, Tian Zifang and Duan Ganmu, and recruited talents. Later, Wei,,, Wuqi, Ximen Bao and others were employed to carry out reforms in the political, military and economic fields.

Li Kui, one of the representatives of Legalism, was appointed as Xiangbang by Hou Wen, and was a key figure in Hou Wen and Wuhou's political reform. Drawing on the advantages of other countries' written laws, he compiled the Classic of Law, which is divided into six chapters: theft law, thief law, prison law, arrest law, miscellaneous law and equipment law.

He advocated "doing according to one's ability" and asked farmers to work hard and improve their enthusiasm for production in order to increase national income. The "equalization law" is another important economic policy of his. In good years, the government collects a certain amount of surplus grain from farmers. In bad years, it can export surplus grain at a fair price to ensure the stability of grain prices. These measures prevented farmers from going bankrupt and migrating, maintained social stability and made Wei embark on the road of enriching the people.

About 409 years ago, Zhao Liehou used Xiangbang Gong Zhong Company to carry out reforms and taught Confucianism as a political and financial user. In the first 382 years, King Mourn of Chu used Wuqi to carry out the Wuqi reform of "damaging its surplus and succeeding its deficiency". In the second year, the king of Chu, Mo Ning, died, and Wuqi was shot dead by the nobles of Chu. About 360 years ago, the State of Qi began to reform with Zou Ji's "obeying the law and supervising traitors", which greatly increased its national strength and clashed with the State of Wei. With Sun Bin as his strategist, Qi launched the Battle of Guiling (354 BC) and the Battle of Maling (342 BC) and defeated Wei. South Korea carried out early reforms, but they were not thorough, which caused some confusion. 35 1 year ago, Han Zhaohou used Shen Buhai for "reform".

356 and 350 years ago, Qin Xiaogong appointed Shang Yang and carried out two political reforms, known as Shang Yang's political reform in history, which later made Qin the most powerful country.

In the first 344 years, Wei Huiwang called the Okanagan Valley Conference, led the princes to appear before the King of Zhou, and became the king first.

Foreigners in the border areas of the Central Plains are also closely related to the development of the Central Plains. The threat of nomadic peoples such as Xiongnu, Donghu, Hu Lin and Loufan led to the construction of the Great Wall in the Warring States, and the Great Wall in Wan Li was built in Qin, Yan, Chu and Wei countries.