How to carry out logistics management, effectively save investment and provide value-added services for construction enterprises is a problem that cannot be ignored in front of construction enterprises. Here are some related materials I shared for your reference.

1. Origin and development of logistics

Logistics refers to the whole process of planning, implementing and managing raw materials, semi-finished products, finished products or related information from the place of origin of goods to the place of consumption of goods by means of transportation, storage and distribution at the lowest cost.

The concept of "logistics" is different in different countries, different periods and different institutions, and the earliest literature on logistics activities is recorded in Britain. 19 18, Lord Hamm of Unilivre, England, established "Instant Distribution Co., Ltd." to deliver the goods to wholesalers, retailers and users all over the country in time. During World War II, the United States used the term "logistics management" for the first time in wartime ordnance supply to comprehensively manage the transportation, supply and stationing of ordnance. After World War II, the word "logistics" was borrowed by Americans into enterprise management and called "business logistics". Enterprise logistics refers to the comprehensive management of supply and marketing, transportation, warehousing and other activities of enterprises.

2. The proportion of logistics in construction enterprises

Characteristics and important position of material supply logistics in large-scale engineering construction projects. Engineering construction project is an investment and construction process aimed at forming fixed assets. The materials consumed by engineering construction projects mainly include steel, cement, concrete, wood, bricks and sand. These materials are bulky and heavy, which require large-scale logistics facilities and occupy a large space. Because of the heterogeneity, timeliness and one-off characteristics of construction projects, the product formation belongs to the single-piece production mode, so the logistics services provided for construction projects also have particularity, such as the instability of service quantity, the variability of service location and the flexibility of service mode. Large-scale engineering construction projects are influenced by many complex factors, especially economic and environmental factors, which are unpredictable and difficult to accurately plan the amount of materials, which requires strengthening the control of material supply during construction. The investment of engineering construction projects is generally relatively large, especially large-scale engineering construction projects, which are generally hundreds of millions of yuan or more. Generally speaking, the material cost accounts for 60% ~ 70% of the project cost, while the logistics cost accounts for about 17% of the material cost (calculated by steel and cement, the ratio of steel and cement is 1: 3).

In other words, the logistics cost accounts for about 1 1% of the project cost. Not only does the logistics cost occupy a high proportion in the project cost, but also the logistics efficiency will affect the amount of funds occupied by materials and the construction efficiency. Inefficient logistics activities, or excessive material inventory, wasting money; Or insufficient inventory leads to downtime. All these will increase the cost of engineering construction projects, and even fail to complete the project construction on schedule. Therefore, it is very important to strengthen the material supply management of engineering construction projects, reduce material consumption and save logistics costs in the process of material supply.

3. Logistics management of traditional construction enterprises

At present, the traditional logistics management of construction enterprises mostly stays in the state of manual management, that is, when enterprises need logistics, they manually convey instructions to find someone to transport them. This backward management method will inevitably lead to low work efficiency, irregular management, high cost, poor real-time and dynamic, difficult to control and complicated working methods. Through the investigation and analysis of several engineering projects of Zhejiang Huzhou Construction Engineering Group Co., Ltd., it is found that there are mainly the following defects:

① Lack of modern management means, low interest rate of logistics management, even staying in the primitive manual operation stage, and no concept of e-commerce;

(2) Lack of scientific management on the composition of the consortium of material suppliers, with short-term competition and vicious competition more than cooperation;

(3) Material procurement is a game process with asymmetric information, which is not intensive and the procurement cost is high;

(4) Material procurement is not closely related to budget department, technical department and construction department, lacking necessary information support, which is seriously out of touch with engineering practice;

⑤ Material inventory and site management are chaotic, resulting in waste of resources and increased construction cost;

⑥ The project is partly scattered, and the quality of materials is difficult to guarantee under the price competition.

Therefore, it is very important to break the traditional logistics management mode of construction enterprises. With the continuous improvement of management and technology, various effective ways are constantly emerging. Based on the actual investigation, analysis and comparison, this paper puts forward some suggestions and ideas for the logistics management of traditional construction enterprises to establish their own logistics mechanism, so as to save resources in the production process, improve the competitiveness of enterprises and create more profits. This is not only beneficial to construction enterprises, but also conducive to the continuous development of logistics in the construction industry.

4. Logistics development status of construction enterprises

4. 1 Logistics Development Status of Construction Enterprises

It has been 40 years since the concept of logistics was introduced into China, and it has penetrated into all walks of life. In recent years, with the encouragement and support of the state, logistics began to develop rapidly, which is called the "third profit source" for enterprise development. As one of the pillar industries of the national economy, the construction industry also uses the concept of logistics management to manage materials and production accordingly to improve the efficiency of enterprises. However, the logistics of construction enterprises has its own characteristics, such as: compared with commercial logistics, the logistics of construction enterprises has the characteristics of "futures" and the price changes frequently. Due to the delay in the release of cost information, especially the influence of international raw materials on steel, the price fluctuates greatly, which affects the cost; Material demand time is strict and must be delivered on time; There are many varieties and specifications of materials and strict requirements; Most of the materials needed are large in quantity, heavy in weight and difficult to transport; Generally, the cost of materials is very high, which takes up a lot of money and makes the capital turnover difficult. Because of these characteristics, the logistics of construction enterprises is struggling in the development process, and many problems have appeared. Although advanced management technology has been adopted, the profits of enterprises have declined.

4.2 Problems existing in the logistics development of construction enterprises

① Pay attention to supply and neglect management: At present, the construction period of construction enterprises in their whole construction is generally 2 or 3 years, so the demand for various materials in construction has time requirements, and the time for centralized supply is relatively short, which puts strict requirements on the supply department. Building materials are often varied, large in quantity and heavy in weight. The only way to complete the task in time is to speed up the supply. Therefore, in order to supply in time, the supply department can only strengthen the planned budget and supply all kinds of materials needed for construction and production according to the goods, quality and time limit. While blindly paying attention to time, it ignores the management of supply, and does not fully consider the arrangement of materials, the selection of vehicles and the optimization of routes. Although this supply method meets the needs of production, it greatly increases the transportation cost and reduces the benefit of enterprises.

(2) The consciousness of cost management is weak. As the main cost component of construction, logistics lacks an effective evaluation and assessment system. The consciousness of logistics cost management is weak, and the focus of cost management of construction enterprises in China is still limited to the activity-based cost of construction process, and the importance of material circulation is not paid enough attention. This directly leads to the lack of clear detailed subjects of logistics cost, and simply regards transportation, warehousing, loading and unloading as logistics cost items, which makes logistics cost unclear and makes managers unable to make correct decisions in logistics management. In addition, the evaluation index of logistics performance of construction enterprises is too single, usually only one evaluation index is "material cost difference", and other links in logistics activities are not comprehensively evaluated. Simply relying on "material cost difference" can not fully reflect the performance of logistics responsible departments, and the pertinence is not strong. This indicator often brings wrong judgments to superiors. As long as the material cost is reduced, the higher authorities will think that the enterprise logistics has improved accordingly. This has seriously hindered the improvement and development of enterprise logistics. Furthermore, logistics science is a management theory advocated only in recent years, and construction enterprises have not separately accounted for logistics costs and established historical databases. Therefore, it is impossible to compare the current logistics cost and provide accurate data for logistics cost planning.

③ The information level of material management is low, and there is a lack of long-term and effective information communication between construction enterprises and suppliers, especially in construction in different places. At present, the informatization level of construction enterprises in China is still relatively low. Only a few construction enterprises use information systems to comprehensively manage enterprises, and most enterprises still stay in the way of manual registration and manual transmission. Imperfect information system leads to the disconnection of information within the enterprise, which leads to the inability to transmit information among warehouses, production departments and management departments, which directly affects construction efficiency and increases operating costs. At the same time, China has not established a perfect logistics information network platform for construction enterprises, and there is no effective information communication between enterprises and between enterprises and suppliers, so it is difficult to carry out relevant cooperation and allocate related materials. Especially in the information communication with suppliers, it is difficult for construction enterprises to establish a stable relationship with suppliers because of the short-term nature of construction projects. In the traditional procurement mode of construction industry, the relationship between suppliers and construction enterprises is often short-term and unstable, and the cooperation relationship is interrupted with the end of a procurement, and this relationship will end when the project is completed. It takes a lot of time, energy and financial resources to re-select suppliers in the next purchase. The construction process of construction enterprises is often influenced by the owner, design, supervision, climate, geography and other factors, resulting in changes in the construction process. Therefore, the material demand changes frequently, and suppliers can't know the situation in time by traditional methods, but still supply as planned, resulting in the accumulation and waste of materials.

④ Logistics activities are mainly self-service. Construction enterprises used to be mostly state-owned enterprises. Although in recent years, private enterprises have continued to grow and develop through restructuring, under the long-term planned economy system, almost every enterprise has established its own "big and complete, small and complete" logistics system. Logistics management focuses on self-service and does not form a multi-angle and all-round open pattern. Construction enterprises have their own fleets, their own warehouses and even their own raw material production bases. This situation has caused many problems in the project, such as excessive raw material inventory, slow turnover rate, high capital occupation and low utilization rate of storage and transportation facilities. At the same time, construction enterprises have not formed the logistics management characteristics of special materials, ensuring reserves and supplying ordinary materials on demand. This "big and complete, small and complete" logistics model is an important reason for the rising engineering cost of construction enterprises.

5. Establish and improve the logistics system of construction enterprises.

As can be seen from the above, logistics plays an important role in construction enterprises, so it is very important and necessary for construction enterprises to establish and improve logistics systems. The quality of material management directly affects the production, technology, finance and other business activities and economic benefits of construction enterprises. Around the enterprise development strategy, the modern production logistics management idea is introduced, and the existing material management system of construction enterprises is re-integrated and planned according to the principles of modern logistics management concept, so as to establish a business process that meets the requirements of modern logistics management. By establishing and introducing modern logistics management ideas, correctly applying advanced management methods and technologies of social logistics, establishing and perfecting information technology, strengthening long-term cooperation with suppliers and paying attention to the improvement of comprehensive quality within enterprises, the problems existing in the material management of existing construction enterprises will be effectively solved, thus greatly controlling costs and enhancing the market competitiveness of enterprises.

5. 1 Establish a reasonable logistics mechanism

Construction enterprises should first optimize the logistics management of construction enterprises, establish a reasonable logistics management mechanism, re-integrate the existing material management system of construction enterprises according to the principles of logistics management, and plan to establish business processes, organizational structures, material procurement, processing and joint distribution systems that meet the requirements of logistics management, so as to transform the simple procurement and supply business into a comprehensive service function for the project department and the construction site. Use logistics channels, advocate reasonable distribution, reduce the intermediate links of material circulation, reduce the material reserves on the construction site, and ensure the efficiency of material use.

5.2 Construction enterprises should improve the level of warehousing information and establish a new mode of logistics management.

Using modern management science, the inventory materials are managed by ABC classification, and an order model that conforms to the actual situation of the enterprise is created. According to the monthly construction plan and the existing inventory of the warehouse, the procurement plan is issued, and on this basis, the procurement batches are increased and reduced, and the inventory material quota management is implemented to reduce the material procurement cost, storage cost and emergency cost of the enterprise. At the same time, in order to meet the needs of on-site engineering construction, clean up all kinds of small warehouses in secondary management or grass-roots units, provide fast and accurate services, put an end to the phenomenon that stock materials are transferred from big warehouse to small warehouses within the company, and completely eradicate the existing situation of small warehouses. According to the material supply routes of the construction sites of various engineering projects, design a reasonable logistics network diagram, and establish and improve the logistics model of unified external mobilization and unified internal distribution of the company. Finally, realize the direct supply of building materials from the place of production to the place of use, reduce the transfer transition between middlemen and warehouses, strive to speed up the turnover of inventory materials, and form a material management model with the characteristics of construction enterprises.

5.3 Construction enterprises should establish long-term and stable strategic partnership with suppliers.

Building products need fewer types of materials, and the varieties are relatively single, while the use of the same type of materials is relatively large. Therefore, it is very beneficial for construction enterprises to establish long-term and stable strategic partnership with suppliers, limit the number of suppliers and not change suppliers frequently. For example, by establishing a long-term cooperative partnership with suppliers, it is no longer necessary for both parties to repeatedly negotiate inquiry and quotation, which reduces the cost and time of contract negotiation and transaction costs.

5.4 Construction enterprises should make full use of material management information system.

Material management information system is composed of various functional subsystems according to the functional mode, mainly including price analysis system, contract management system, inventory management system, planned procurement system, quality tracking system and so on. The establishment of material management information system can not only replace manual tedious transaction processing with computer, improve management efficiency, but also complete information processing that is difficult to be completed manually, provide information analysis and the best decision-making scheme for material management and decision-making, and make the supply work in the best state.

6. Experience and significance

Through the discussion of logistics, logistics management and system of construction enterprises, it is hoped that under the current market economy situation, a reasonable logistics mechanism will be established, so as to reduce the cost of construction enterprises, reduce turnover links and achieve the purpose of increasing enterprise benefits.

The quality of material management directly affects the production, technology, finance and other business activities and economic benefits of construction enterprises; In modern society, the concept of logistics is very popular, but we may only know the so-called "four links and one access" concepts such as "Zhongtong", "Shentong" and "Dayun" from shopping in online shopping malls, which is not just a hype. Modern logistics management thought does have a considerable scientific foundation and mature technology, and there are also many successful examples. With the establishment and perfection of China's socialist market economy, it has become an inevitable trend for construction enterprises to change their management concepts under the planned economy mode, adopt advanced logistics management methods and establish efficient logistics management organizations. Therefore, it is of great practical significance for construction enterprises to introduce modern logistics management concepts and strengthen logistics management for enterprises to reduce project costs, maximize project benefits and improve their competitiveness.

;