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What is the history of roses?
What is the history of roses? There is an ancient legend about roses, which links the reproduction of human beings with the fate of roses. According to this legend, both humans and roses originated in Central Asia. In order to occupy the whole world, a large number of people left their birthplace and ran in all directions. Everyone has a rose with him. It comes in different colors including white, red, pink and yellow. With the proliferation of human beings all over the world, there are blooming roses where people live. Roses go hand in hand with people. China has a long history of cultivating and utilizing roses. As early as the Tang Dynasty, the artificial cultivation of roses began in Pingyin County, Jinan City, Shandong Province, with a history of 1300 years. Pingyin rose is known as the "flower of the world" for its large flowers, rich fragrance, high oil yield and excellent quality. Rose Town in Pingyin County was named "China Rose" by the Ministry of Agriculture on 1996.

Crystal roses are made by dividing the kneaded flour dough into several small doughs, and then kneading the small doughs into small pieces similar to petals. However, it should be noted that in order to better ensure the shape of petals, you can apply a layer of appropriate vegetable oil to your fingers before kneading. Then pinch the pinched petals into a piece layer by layer, but pay attention to the fact that the thickness and width of petals in different layers are different when pinching petals, so that the flowers from the last order will look good.

Cooking:

Put the flowers in the steamer, but before putting them in the steamer, you can put a layer of oil on the edge of the petals and the bottom of the flowers, so that the steaming effect will be better. Generally, when the water in the pot is boiled, put the steamer on the pot. Because the petals are thin and may be deformed after steaming for a long time, steaming in this way can have a good plastic effect. Usually steam 15 minutes or so, and a delicious and beautiful dish will be ready.

What are the distribution and habits of roses? Rose is a temperate tree species, which is cold-resistant and drought-tolerant, and has no strict requirements on soil. It can grow in slightly alkaline soil, and it is best to grow and bloom in neutral or slightly acidic light loam with rich humus and good drainage. It likes light best, grows poorly under shade, has few flowers and is intolerant of stagnant water. When waterlogged, its lower leaves will turn yellow, germinate vigorously and grow rapidly.

Cultivation method:

Rose planting roses like sunshine, sunshine, cold and drought, and do not need special antifreeze protection in northern winter. It can grow as long as it is not dry and watered. The requirements for soil are not strict. Generally, fertile soil can grow vigorously, flourish and blossom well. Fertilize frequently in summer, 15~20 days, and water in time after fertilization to prevent seedlings from burning. Pruning should be carried out in autumn to prevent it from growing white and affecting the beauty of flowering and plant-type rose diagram [5]. There are many aphids in roses, so we should pay attention to prevention and control. sumskm.xlnu。

The cultivation of roses is not strict with soil, medium alkaline or slightly alkaline soil is the most suitable, and slightly acidic soil can also be used. Therefore, roses should be planted in fields with sunny ventilation and good irrigation and drainage conditions, and in fertile loam on the edge of the land. Roses should avoid low-lying and waterlogged areas. When waterlogging occurs, the lower leaves turn yellow and fall off, and even the whole plant dies. The flower bud and germination of roses need an average temperature above 7 degrees, and the effective accumulated temperature from the initial stage of germination to the flowering stage needs 365 degrees, which generally depends on the temperature. Dry hot wind and soil drought are the most taboo in the rose period. For fields with water conservancy conditions, irrigation can be carried out in the bud period. Roses stop growing twice in the process of production and development (generally called summer sleep in June-July; 1 1-65438+ February is called hibernation), at this time, the branches do not grow and the branches do not elongate. The dormancy period in summer is the best pruning period for flower picking seedlings. When hibernating, base fertilizer and overwintering water can be applied to lay the foundation for stable and high yield of flower buds in the coming year.

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What is the beginning of a rose with a folded ribbon: mf08? /y/v/V8/200808/ 1 162 18。

This is a video that is easy to understand.

What are the growth steps of qq farm roses? Roses germinate in 3 hours, lobules in 3 hours, big leaves in 4 hours and buds in 5 hours.

One *** 18 hours

What is the history of the pound? The pound is the standard unit of currency in Britain and is issued by the Bank of England. The auxiliary market units used to be shillings and pennies, 1 pound is equal to 20 shillings, 1 shilling is equal to12p,19715 February, the Bank of England implemented a new currency carrying system, and the unit of secondary currency was changed to new pennies (new

182 1 year Britain officially adopted the gold standard system, and the pound became the standard monetary unit in Britain, with 7.32238 grams of pure gold per 1 pound. 19 14 when the first world war broke out, Britain abolished the gold standard, gold coins stopped circulating, and Britain stopped exchanging gold. 1925 On May 3, Britain adopted the gold bar standard. Due to the world economic crisis, 193 1 was forced to give up on September 30, 2005, and the pound became an ignominious paper money. However, due to the need of foreign exchange control, the gold content of the pound is still stipulated in 1946+02+08 as 3.585438+034g.

By the beginning of the 20th century, the pound had become the most important international payment means and reserve currency in the capitalist world. After World War I, the status of the pound as an international reserve currency tended to decline and was gradually replaced by the dollar. During the outbreak of World War II, Britain implemented strict foreign exchange control and fixed the exchange rate of the pound at the level of 1 pound against US$ 4.03. 1947 July 15, Britain announced the free convertibility of the pound, and resumed foreign exchange control in August of the same year due to the rapid loss of foreign exchange reserves; 1September 1949, Britain announced that the pound depreciated by 30.5%, which reduced the exchange rate of the pound to $2.80; In June 1967,165438+1October 18, the pound depreciated again, the exchange rate dropped to $2.40, and the gold content of the pound dropped to 2. 13288. On August 5th 197 1 after the floating exchange rate of the US dollar was implemented, the exchange rate of the British pound against the US dollar began to be determined on the basis of unchanged gold content. After the official depreciation of the US dollar 18 on February 8, the new official exchange rate of the British pound against the US dollar rose to 1 US$ 2.6057. The real exchange rate can fluctuate in the range of 1 GBP to 2.547 1 USD to 2.6643 USD, with a fluctuation range of about 4.5%. On March 1973 and 19, eight western European countries formed a joint floating group, and Britain continued to float independently without participation; The following year, 65438+ 10, the real exchange rate of the pound was made into a managed floating exchange rate mechanism. In the same year, the pound area was reduced to include only Britain, Ireland, Cayman Islands and Channel Islands, and the gold reserve issued by pound was at least equivalent to more than 2.65 billion pounds; 1990 10 year 10.8, the pound joined the European monetary system, and its fluctuation range against the exchange rates of various currencies in the monetary system was 6%. 1992 September 16, Britain announced that the pound was temporarily separated from the European monetary system.

What is the history of New Year's Day? Hello, encyclopedia is very detailed. Please see: baike.baidu./view/3116.htm.

Development history!

What was the history of the Tang Dynasty? The Tang Dynasty (6 18 ~907) is one of the most important dynasties in the history of China, and it is also recognized as one of the most powerful times in China. Li Yuan established the Tang Dynasty in 6 18, with Chang 'an (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi) as its capital, and Luoyang as its east capital. In its heyday, the desert of Central Asia was also ruled by it in the 7th century. In 690, Wu Zetian changed the name of Tang Dynasty to Zhou, and moved the capital to Luoyang, which was called Wu Zhou in history, also known as "Southern Zhou", until Tang Zhongzong restored the name of Tang Dynasty in 705. After the Anshi Rebellion in the 14th year of Tianbao (755), the Tang Dynasty gradually declined, and in 907, Liang Wang (Zhu Wen) usurped the throne and perished. * * * lasted for 289 years and spread to 20 emperors (plus Wu Zetian, it is 2 1 emperor). The Tang Dynasty made brilliant achievements in culture, politics, economy and diplomacy, and was one of the most powerful countries in the world at that time. Culturally, the political system and culture of East Asian neighbors at that time, including Silla, Bohai and Japan, were also deeply influenced by it. Militarily, after the Northern Wei Dynasty defeated Rouran, the Tang Dynasty once again achieved a major military victory over the desert tribes by the Central Plains Dynasty. Economically, by the time of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the economy of the Tang Dynasty had far surpassed that of Byzantium and Arabia in the same period. The title of "Tang" is the ancient name of Jin, which generally refers to the central area of Shanxi Province today. Legend has it that the monarch of Yao is called "Tang Tao". During the Zhou Dynasty, there was a small country called Tang State in today's Hubei Province. Li Hu, the grandfather of Tang Gaozu Li Yuan, was one of the Eight Pillars countries in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. He was named "Duke Tang" and the title was passed on to Li Yuan. After the Sui Dynasty, Li Yuan lived in Taiyuan and stayed. Li Yuan called himself the "King of the Tang Dynasty" after he started his army, and later abolished Emperor Yangdi Yang Gang to establish the "Tang Dynasty". After the demise of the Tang Dynasty, the later Tang Dynasty in Li Jianli in the Five Dynasties and the southern Tang Dynasty in the Ten Kingdoms both claimed to be the successors of the Tang Dynasty, and both took "Tang" as their country name. In fact, their emperor had nothing to do with the Tang Dynasty. Li, a royal family in the Tang Dynasty, claimed to be from Zhao County of Han nationality, and the Li family was also a military aristocrat in Longxi. Li in Longxi was a famous family of military commanders in China during the Qin Dynasty. Li Guang, the flying general of the Western Han Dynasty, and other famous soldiers emerged in this family. However, some people doubt this statement and think that Li, the royal family of the Tang Dynasty, is a descendant of Xianbei. In Old Tang Book and New Tang Book, it is said that Li, the royal family of the Tang Dynasty, is a descendant of Lao Er, and Li Gui, the founding monarch of the Sixteen Countries, is also his distant ancestor. During the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Li followed the standard policy of Guanlong Group and changed his name to "Xiao Ye", which is a newly created surname. After the demise of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, it was restored as Lee. The Tang Dynasty and Sui Dynasty are regarded by historian Huang Renyu as the second imperial period of China after Qin and Han Dynasties, while Japanese historians generally believe that the Tang Dynasty was the end of China's "Middle Ages". The national strength of the Tang Dynasty was one of the best in China's history, so China people were also called "Tangren", and today China people in the west are also called "Chinatown".

What is the history of flute? Musical Instrument Name: Flute

Musical instrument tone: c key.

Application clef: treble clef, no shift notation.

Scope of application: a group of small characters c- a group of small characters C.

Structure: pipe body (including blowing joint, main joint and tail joint) and key system.

Material: common type: seamless nickel-silver tube, professional type: hard real silver.

Musical instrument features: fresh and thorough, cold timbre. The high notes are lively and bright, and the low notes are beautiful and pleasing to the ear, which are widely used in orchestras and military bands.

Flute is an instrument that blows holes and makes sounds. It is widely used in modern orchestras, sometimes for military music, and also for solo and ensemble. Its family includes piccolo, tenor flute, alto flute and bass flute. Bohm-style standard flute in C key is its representative. Flute is a high-pitched instrument in the woodwind group of orchestra, with beautiful timbre, wide range, diverse playing methods and rich expressive force, and strong affinity with string, woodwind and brass instruments. Generally speaking, symphony orchestras should use at least three piccolo, and the third piccolo and alto flute are used for larger bands. As a solo instrument, flute can be played without accompaniment, such as J.S. Bach's sonata in A minor. There are also many solos and concertos, accompanied by piano, harp, guitar or band. In chamber music, flute plus oboe, clarinet and bassoon become a wind quartet; Add a trumpet to form a wind quintet. There are also various combinations. For example, W.A. Mozart wrote three flute quartets, which replaced 1 violin with flutes and consisted of small, medium and cello. There are also many flute combinations in this family. In modern works, piccolo, high, medium and low flutes are combined with flute quintets, sextets and decathlons.

Flute has been circulated for centuries, and its history can even be traced back to ancient Egypt, when it was just a perforated clay tube. It was originally invented by Farley (1633- 1687) and Gandel (1685- 1765) in Germany, and is called Dedi. By Haydn's time (1732- 1809), flute had become a fixed instrument in the symphony orchestra. /kloc-at the beginning of the 0/9th century, with the invention of the key device by theobald Bohm (later used for clarinet, oboe and bassoon, etc. ), the flute is finalized.

The flute has a soft and clear tone and a wide range: the tenor is as clear as the first sunshine in the morning; The bass area is as elegant as the cold moonlight; Moreover, he is good at coloratura and his playing skills are gorgeous and diverse. He often plays the main theme in the symphony orchestra and is an important solo instrument.

There are many kinds of flutes, except ordinary flutes in C-flat and E-flat, alto flutes in G-flat and bass flutes in C-flat, but they are rarely used.

The flute of his family was first introduced into Europe from Asia in the12nd century. It looks like a kind of China flute (a kind of stuffy flute without membrane). It has been improved continuously for about 600 years before it became a modern flute. In the Middle Ages, the early keyless flute was mainly used for military music. Since the middle of17th century, it has been used as an important instrument for operas and court bands. The first major improvement of flute was completed by J. Ottel, a French woodwind instrument manufacturer, and his family in the late17th century. The more important fundamental reform was put forward by T. Bohm of Munich in the early 1930s.

Structure and pronunciation principle The flute is a wooden or metal tubular body with a total length of 62 cm. The flute head is closed, the plug head is about 5 cm away from the pipe end, and the flute tail is open. In order to be easy to carry and adjust, it consists of 2 or 3 sections. The tank body is a cylinder with an inner diameter of 1.9 cm, and the inner diameter gradually tapers to 1.75438+0 cm from the joint with the tank body to the plug. Take the distance from the plug 1.7 cm as the center, open an oval air hole, cover it with the air hole cover, open the same oval hole, and connect it with the air hole, so that the cover surface forms an acute angle with the hole wall, and the air flow impacts this edge, which excites the edge to make sound. The pipe wall is opened with several key holes, and the fingertips will be used to control the opening and closing of the sound keys, thus changing the length of the air hole and generating different pitches.

The range of the ancient six-hole flute was only over two octaves. After repeated improvement,/kloc-0 was D 1 ~ A3 at the beginning of the 9th century, and the chromatic scale was complete. Bohm flute extension kit is C 1 ~ D4. Modern composers have higher requirements, flute making is becoming more and more sophisticated, fingering is innovated repeatedly, professional flute tail is lengthened, and it can be played down to B note, which is related to playing overtones such as # F4. Therefore, the current range expansion kit is B ~ # F4, * * * 44 semitone.

The bass area B ~ # C2 is rich and mellow, but its penetration is poor. The timbre of alto D2 ~ # C3 is clear and smooth; High-pitched areas D3 ~ B3 have bright timbre and strong penetration; The ultra-high pitch C4 ~ # F4 has sharp timbre and strong penetration. Modern works are sometimes played in a staccato way to show special effects.

When playing the flute with both hands, you can sit up or down. You can use the mixed breathing method of chest and abdomen to form a certain basic mouth shape. The airflow is concentrated at the acute angle of 75 degrees formed by the cap and the hole wall. Its special skills are: ① overtone: blowing octave or 12 degree or 15 degree with a relaxed mouth to produce a voiceless effect similar to a stringed instrument; (2) Sliding sound: fingers gradually slide on the keyhole to achieve the effect of sliding up and down; ③ Humming at the same time: humming while playing flute; (4) Simulated percussion: the sound effect of simulated percussion can be produced by tapping the keys quickly and making a "click" sound in the mouth; ⑤ Whistling method: the mouth contains all the blowholes, and it blows a lot quickly, and moves the fingers quickly according to the music score to produce a whistling effect; ⑥ Simulate a brass instrument: Keep your lips close to the mouthpiece and open a small hole to blow, which sounds like a trumpet. All the above playing methods can achieve special effects and are often widely used in avantgarde music.

Flute is a high-pitched instrument in the woodwind group of the orchestra, with beautiful timbre, wide range, diverse playing methods and rich expressive force, and strong affinity with string, woodwind and brass instruments. Generally speaking, symphony orchestras should use at least three piccolo, and the third piccolo and alto flute are used for larger bands. As a solo instrument, flute can be played without accompaniment, such as J.S. Bach's sonata in A minor. There are also many solos and concertos accompanied by piano, harp, guitar or band. In chamber music, flute, oboe, clarinet and bassoon become wind quartet; Add a trumpet to form a wind quintet. In addition, there are various combinations, such as three flute quartets written by W.A. Mozart, with

Flute replaces 1 violin and consists of small, medium and cello. There are also many flute combinations in this family. In modern works, piccolo, high, medium and low flutes are combined with flute quintets, sextets and decathlons.

Great composers of all ages have composed flute music, such as Bach's six sonatas, three Brandenburg concertos and suite in B minor. L.van Beethoven's sonata in b major; Mozart's three concertos; A. Vivaldi's 13 concertos; G.P. Teleman's 12 fantasy; Seven sonatas by g.f. del; Haydn's concerto and three sonatas.

China composers' flute repertoire mainly includes Meditation by He Lvting, Piccolo by Shepherd, Morning by Tian Paul and Song of Tianshan Mountain by Huang Huwei.

The flute family is piccolo, a commonly used small flute. The length of the pipe is only half that of the flute, which is mostly used by the third flute player of the symphony orchestra. Bikro is

C key, range D2 ~ C5. The notation is the same as flute, but the actual pronunciation is eight degrees higher, which is the highest instrument among all wind instruments. The timbre is sharp, bright and penetrating. In orchestration, no matter how big the band is, it is enough to expand the range of the suite to increase the depth ability. Especially important for brass bands. Often used in jubilant and warm scenes. In the victorious March of the last movement of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony, it is used to increase the spirit of holding one's head high and going forward bravely. In the fourth movement of his Sixth Symphony, piccolo is used to describe the scene of lightning and thunder. □. п. In the symphonic poem "Night on a Barren Mountain", Musorgskiy used it to describe the gloomy and mournful cry of demons dancing around.

Solos for piccolo include four concertos by Vivaldi.

Alto flute, 1854 G flute for Bohm. The basic modeling is to enlarge and lengthen the flute in C key, and the fingering remains unchanged. G flute has a length of 82.75cm, an inner diameter of 2.6cm and a range of G ~ C3. The pronunciation is rich and round, loud and powerful, consistent from pp to ff, and sounds like a trumpet. It plays an important role in chamber music, ensemble and symphony.

Bass flute, in C key, is an octave lower than the standard flute. The pipe at the lower end of the flute head turned two bends and went straight down. In modern works, it plays an increasingly important role, especially in flute ensemble, which can make the timbre seamless, comparable to string ensemble.

Long flute structure diagram

Sound hole name:

Name of flute body parts:

Crown groove plug

Blow hole

Lip plate or

Mouth plate lip paste

Tenon: A part of the head joint that enters the interior of a bucket or head receiver. Socket. Box. Bucket groove head connecting sleeve.

American ribs

Stiffener (USA)

British belt

Reinforcing belt (UK)

A pillar or prop.

Hinged tube (USA) shaft sleeve (USA)

Barrel (UK) Axle Tube (UK)

There is a c sound hole on the back.

G# sound hole on the back of G#

Saddle hole: British term for welded sound holes.

Interface: inch welded flute body

Spatula: American touch film or British key touch

Any touch pad or button (e.g. # spatula) used to activate the key except the pad cup.

G# key pressing plate is used to open the G# key.

Clutch: the art of closing the off-line remote cup and the on-line remote and

Linkage button: used to control the hole cover linked with the A sound hole key.

B-foot joint B-type B flute tail

Gizmo D, C#, c fully closed push rod

Adjustment screw: strategically located on some grooves, used to adjust the alignment of keys.

Adjusting screw: it is configured according to the needs of some flute products to adjust the coordination of key linkage.

Below is the website

: flute friends. /

The home of flute lovers

What is the history of the Ming Dynasty? Historically, the Ming Dynasty was a prosperous dynasty, and Zhu Yuanzhang was very powerful when the country was founded. However, in his subsequent reign, in order to control future generations, most of the talents of the older generation were killed in large numbers, and the power of the Ming Dynasty declined. After Zhu Yuanzhang's death, Wen Jian succeeded to the throne.

The war with the prince for the throne further weakened the military strength of the Ming Dynasty.

Although it developed in the late Ming Dynasty, it could not offset the consumption. With the appearance of the East Factory and the West Factory, a large number of eunuchs gained power. The officialdom is darker, and later monarchs are more fatuous. In short, the Ming Dynasty was weaker than the strong.

Measures taken by Zhu Yuanzhang:

About preventing the people from fighting. At that time, Zhu Yuanzhang mainly did two things: First, he quickly healed the social trauma after the disaster. Zhu Yuanzhang took measures such as tax reduction and exemption, clearing farmland, co-cultivating with the people, reclaiming wasteland and building water conservancy projects to promote the development of rural productive forces.

Zhu Yuanzhang's measures to adjust the internal contradictions of the landlord class. He moved some landlords to Kyoto, weakening their influence in various places. At the same time, through the investigation of fields and household registration, the fish scale atlas and yellow album were formulated and the system of renting corvee was promulgated. A large number of leaked land accounts were fixed through registration, which increased the manpower and material resources of the dynasty and stabilized and consolidated the economic foundation of the rule.

On Zhu Yuanzhang's policy of "ruling the country by violence" In order to consolidate the political power and follow the official rule, Zhu Yuanzhang adopted the policy of "ruling the country by violence" to strengthen centralization.