During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, different economic bases and social forms led to different currency circulation conditions. After the establishment of the throne in Zhou Chan, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty cast a unified standard of five baht in 58 1 year, which was called "five plants". This is the last casting of five baht in Chinese history. Sui five baht, history says, "money comes first, where it is distributed, the people will do it."
After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, it quickly introduced its own coinage policy, which opened up a new era of precious banknotes and established its legal tender status in the imperial court. Five baht money has since withdrawn from the historical stage.
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the social unrest, the narrowing of the circulation scope of metal currency and the different forms and values of metal currency led to the phenomenon of valuing money over money. During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Wei implemented the monetary policy in kind, and Wei Mingdi resumed casting five baht, similar to the five baht in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Wei Wuzhu Qian Qian has a diameter of 2.5cm and a weight of 3.4g to 3.5g. The word "five" on the coin is arc-shaped, and the prefix "Zhu" is round, which is wider in foreign countries, and the calligraphy and painting are relatively fat. The five baht minted in Wei Mingdi period played a certain role in promoting economic development. After Liu Bei entered Shu, the casting cost was 150 baht, which was big and heavy. Later, the castings gradually lost weight, and the thinnest was less than 0.8 g. The word "straight 105 baht" in the face-printed handwriting is directly read as "100 five baht".
A few hundred and fifty baht directly uses the word "Wei" in seal script to show that Yizhou, the casting place, is Qianwei County, which is the earliest engraved money in square hole coins. Inscriptions and decorations are often cast or engraved on the back, and some are also cast in Yang, such as the words "Wei", "Gong", "Wang", "Thirteen" and "Seven" or four characters.
Jin Dynasty is the only dynasty in China's currency history that didn't coin money. Because the Western Jin Dynasty inherited Cao Wei, it used Wei's five baht. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, a soldier named Shen Chong under Wang Dun minted five baht, so this coin is also called "in Shen Lang". Qian Wen's "Five baht" and Shen Lang's "Five baht" are read horizontally and have shapes. There is a foreign country on the surface. Money is about 1.9 cm in diameter and weighs1.15 g. Money is die-cast and light and small, like catkins and elm pods.
Just a small official, but he has the right to coin money for the world. It is not difficult to see that the control of money in the Eastern Jin Dynasty was very lax. It is estimated that Shen Chong is not the only one who makes his own local currency.
The Southern and Northern Dynasties was a split period in the history of our country. The monetary system in this period was very chaotic, and there were great differences in the shape and weight of the five-baht coins minted in different places.
A large sum of money was minted in the Southern Song Dynasty, which was called "pawning 25 baht". 2. When the five-baht coin has a diameter of 2.7 cm, a diameter of 1 cm, thick meat and a weight of 5 g, the word "five baht" on the face is thicker, with an outer ring on the front and an inner ring on the back; The weight of money is different. It costs five baht.
During the Southern Dynasties, the State of Qi had been implementing the policy of tightening monetary policy, and little money was cast. Xiao Daocheng, the emperor of the Qi Emperor, had planned to coin money, but it was not implemented. Xiao Yi, the Emperor of Qi, once sent people to Sichuan to cast copper coins, but later it stopped because of the high cost.
Liang of the Southern Dynasties cast new coins at the beginning of the capital, not only copper coins, but also cast iron coins. The monetary system at that time was quite chaotic. During the Southern Dynasties, there were not many coins minted by the State of Chen. In history, only five baht of Chen and six baht of Thai fire were minted. Chen Wuzhu, also known as "Tianjia Wujiu", is about 2.4 cm in diameter and weighs about 3.4 grams.
The seal script of the word "five baht" is slightly different: the word "five" is straight and straight, like two isosceles triangles; The "Zhu" head is round, higher than the "Jin" head, and its side profile is wider. Although Chen Wuzhu later depreciated, it was still a relatively stable and widely circulated currency in the Southern Dynasties.
In the Southern Dynasties, Chen and Chen Zhuan minted a new coin, which was six baht. This kind of coin is made of fine copper, with neat outline, gorgeous symmetry in Qian Wen and exquisite casting, which is the highest in the Southern Dynasties.
Tuoba Hong, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, once cast five baht in Luoyang. Its shape is similar to the five baht in the Han Dynasty.
The money of Taihe Wuzhu varies in size, with the largest diameter of 2.5cm and the weight of 3.4g.. The smallest one is two centimeters in diameter and weighs 2.5 grams. In the fifth year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Xuan Wudi changed to cast Yongping five baht. Yongping money has a complex layout and different sizes. Large-scale coins are mostly cast by the court, while small-scale coins are mostly privately cast by the people. Money is generally 2.2 cm to 2.5 cm in diameter and weighs 2.2 g to 3.2 g; The facial writing "five baht" is read horizontally and neatly.
Emperor Xiao Zhuang of the Northern Wei Dynasty cast five baht in Yong 'an, and there were three kinds of * * *: one was bare-backed money casting in Yong 'an period; The second is the back "earth" money cast during the reign of Emperor Yongzheng; The third is the last four coins cast by Emperor Xiaojing of the Eastern Wei Dynasty during the Xinghe period.
Among these three kinds of Yong 'an five-baht coins, the coin minted by Emperor Xiaowu of the Northern Wei Dynasty is the most distinctive. The word "earth" was cast above the back hole of the money, and the word "earth" was connected with the back hole, which just formed a word "auspicious", so it was also called auspicious money at that time, and everyone regarded it as auspicious to wear.
Emperor Yuwen Yong of the Northern Zhou Dynasty made money three times. Casting Buquan in 56 1 year; In 574, five elements of cloth were cast, and the world was connected forever. These three kinds of coins are known as "three beautiful springs" because of their exquisite shapes and gorgeous brushwork. Known as the top coins of the Six Dynasties, they played an important role in the history of coinage in China and the world.
The three coins in North China are all square and round coins, and Qian Wen's "Buquan", "Five Elements Big Cloth" and "Yongtong Wan Guo" are all jade-stamp seals. The strokes are fat and even, and there is no nib at the end, just like jade chopsticks, full and round, moist and symmetrical.
One cloth in the Western Wei Dynasty is five, and the five elements of cloth are all 10, and Yongtong Wanguo is 10, which means that a Yongtong Wanguo costs 500 baht.
In the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Emperor Jingdi minted the currency of "Yongtong", which has been used all the time. "Wan Guo" means all countries in the world. Unfortunately, it was cast in less than four years and was destroyed with the demise of the Northern Zhou Dynasty.
Emperor Wendi of the Sui Dynasty proclaimed himself emperor in the Northern Zhou Dynasty in 58 1 and changed his country name to Sui, that is, Emperor Wendi of the Sui Dynasty. He once minted a standard five-baht currency and banned the circulation of old coins. Compared with the previous generation, the five baht money in Sui Dynasty has its own characteristics and far-reaching historical significance.
The "five" characters on the inscriptions of five baht in Sui Dynasty are straight and form a horizontal "fierce" shape with money, and the outer wheel of money is slightly wider than the five baht coins in Han Dynasty. The inner contour of Qianbei outer wheel is thick, the Qian Wen is clear, the shape is solemn and generous, and the style of coin casting inherits five baht in Han Dynasty and opens the new century in Tang Dynasty. The thickness, weight and size of the five-baht coins in Sui Dynasty varied greatly. Some scholars selected three relatively standard Sui five-baht coins for comparison, with the outer diameter of 1.2 cm and the weight of 1.23 g respectively. Outer diameter 2.2 cm, weight1.92g; The outer diameter is 2.3 cm and the weight is 2.87 g.
In the early Sui Dynasty, five baht was strictly cast, which reflected the general plan of governing the country of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, and the national economy developed by leaps and bounds.
Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty promulgated a unified monetary system and enforced it. In view of the situation of indiscriminate coin casting, all coins were melted into copper and confiscated according to law. Where the old money is found to be used, the county magistrate will be punished by deducting his salary for half a year. In addition, adulteration was severely cracked down in the early Sui Dynasty.
After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, it quickly introduced its own coinage policy. 62 1 year, established the status of the imperial court coinage. At the same time, the Tang Dynasty inherited the tradition of taking silk as currency in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and implemented the monetary system of "paying equal attention to money and silk".
In the Tang Dynasty, it was illegal not only to engage in official casting and private casting of coins, but also to implement the policy that copper, tin and other coin-making materials were bought out by the court and were not allowed to buy or sell them privately, accompanied by a decree prohibiting copper and bronze casting and selling coins. In this way, five baht money was abolished in 62 1 year from the casting of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty to Tang Gaozu, and it was popular for more than 700 years.
Kaiyuan Bao Tongqian in Tang Dynasty