The essence of petroleum: it is an oily liquid, viscous, colored, flammable or a combination of industrial decomposable chemicals.
Composition of petroleum: it is mainly composed of carbon and hydrogen, and its chemical structural components include alkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons. Its material state components are oily, colloidal, asphaltene and carbonaceous, of which oily components account for the vast majority.
Color of oil: Its color is not only black. Black, of course. Its other colors are red, golden yellow, dark green, brown and even transparent, with the least transparency. The main factors that can affect its color composition are gum and asphaltene, and the more the content, the darker the color.
Two theories of oil and gas formation
The first theory of biological death: this theory says that oil is the corpse of animals and algae, which is deposited underground and deep sea for a long time after death for various reasons, and the corpse water is slowly formed in an oxygen-free environment with high temperature and high pressure, which is the first theory supported by most people. At present, there is no other theory to replace it, which belongs to a high probability non-renewable resource and must meet many conditions mentioned above before it can be born.
The second theory of the natural formation of the earth: this theory says that oil was slowly formed at the beginning of the birth of all life on the earth, and it is a natural chemical reaction within the earth's organism. Where there are certain chemicals, it can melt into the oil itself. In this theory, oil is renewable, just like a natural phenomenon like photosynthesis. This theory is a theory of people who have gradually accumulated support, and it is likely to overthrow the first theory.
But these two theories are unreasonable, so they are not absolutely correct, but some people believe that the difference is more or less.
The first theory doesn't make sense: the carcasses of animals and algae are naturally decomposed by bacteria, which is very likely to be eaten by other organisms and scavengers. After these two situations, their bodies may still survive, just bones and gnawing parts, which rot slowly and don't want to eat. The most unreasonable part of this theory is that it takes a long time for bones and these parts to melt into the deep underground sea. Strangely, the two substances contained in bones and difficult-to-make parts are only a few chemicals that make up petroleum, even if they are few. The components that make up petrochemical products are generally in the meat and the parts that are decomposed by eating.
The second theory doesn't make sense: it can only be seen spontaneously occasionally (for example, after an oil field is produced and left standing for a period of time, a part of oil will occasionally come out, and the probability is small and uneven). However, this theory has a specified substance (both underground and underwater), but the conditions necessary for the formation of oil are of poor quality (such as microorganisms and bacteria) and the formation is very slow.
The use of oil
First, it can be made into fuel, which can provide combustion energy and make vehicles move, such as diesel, gasoline, special oil for aircraft and ships. All these are the classifications of fuels.
Second: it can be made into plastic. I heard you right. This is a big surprise. Petroleum does have chemical components that can be made into plastics. We should choose those ingredients and refine them, and then we can make them into plastics for our daily life. Such as washbasin, toothbrush, tooth cup, beverage bottle, etc. , can be manufactured.
Third, it can be made into asphalt, also called asphalt. It is one of the components of most traffic roads in modern society. Other main ingredients are cement and stone. Without asphalt provided by oil, it is difficult to build roads on a large scale. And it happens that oil also has a lot of asphaltenes, which can be specially refined and manufactured.
Fourth: it can be made into clothes. You still heard it right. It can also be made into clothes, because it can provide our daily clothes and some raw materials such as fiber fabrics, such as acrylic and nylon. Oil, these substances, account for most of the fibers in a garment. If you need these substances, you have to rely heavily on synthetic fibers from oil.
Fifth, it can be made into synthetic rubber, which can be widely used in all aspects of society, such as some parts of shoes and some sports equipment, and wires and cables for vehicle tires. And these all need to obtain the main raw materials of synthetic rubber from petroleum, which can be obtained.
Sixth, it can be used in medical pharmacy. Some components of petroleum are the main raw materials for making certain drugs, and some medical technologies, such as making artificial limbs, artificial organs, X-rays and therapeutic fluids, also need to learn from petrochemical technology, so there is a demand for petroleum in this respect.
Seventh, it can be made into cleaning products, such as detergent, shampoo, shower gel, soap and so on. Therefore, the cleanliness of modern people must be related to it.
Eighth: it can be made into food and food-related items, such as chemical fertilizer, pesticide, chewing gum, synthetic protein, glycerin, paraffin, etc. Everyone needs the help of oil, so oil can also control human food, which should not be underestimated.
Ninth, it can be made into lubricating oil, such as lubricating oil of industrial lubricants and vehicles, mechanical lubricating oil of industrial factories and automobile lubricating oil of vehicles, and the main component of lubricating oil comes from petroleum, accounting for more than 90%, which is just needed.
Tenth, it can be made into cosmetics. When girls hear this, don't be surprised and don't doubt it. It's true. Some ingredients made from petroleum can be made into cosmetics, such as dyes, paraffin wax, essence and so on. So sometimes cosmetics are also made of petroleum.
The pattern and future development of petroleum
Pattern: It is an essential strategic resource for all countries at present and can be applied to all aspects of society. But the reserves are different, belonging to the Middle East, and other regions are arranged in turn. Therefore, according to different reserves, different countries have different ways to determine oil, some sell, some store and some buy. This situation is called "each has its own advantages, and some have it".
Future development: With the gradual progress of human society, various intellectual achievements have emerged, such as new energy sources (solar energy, wind energy, hydropower and nuclear energy). ) and new materials (shale gas and oil, combustible ice, etc.). In the next few years, oil will be replaced by these things.
What kind of oil can be made?
You can be a stock oil concept stock, an industrial synthesis industry, an oil refining industry, a specialized oil futures, a store like a gas station, various petroleum products, and most importantly, a corporate oil giant.