Securities are the general name of all kinds of economic rights and interests certificates, and also refer to specialized products, which are legal certificates used to prove that the holder enjoys certain rights and interests.
Securities mainly include capital security, currency securities and commodity securities. In a narrow sense, securities mainly refer to securities products in the securities market, including property market products such as stocks, debt market products such as bonds, and derivative market products such as stock futures, options and interest rate futures.
In February, 20021,Supplementary Provisions of the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate on the Execution of Confirmed Crimes (VII) stipulated the crime of fraudulently issuing securities (the crime of fraudulently issuing stocks and bonds was abolished).
Basic features:
Securities are essentially civil rights with property attributes. The characteristic of securities is that civil rights are embodied in securities, so that rights are combined with securities, and rights are embodied in securities, that is, rights securitization. It is a legal phenomenon in the form of securities in the way and process of rights holders exercising their rights, a social phenomenon of symbolization of investors' investment property, and a sign and result of developed social credit.
Securities must be associated with specific forms of expression. In the process of securities development, the earliest basic way to commend securities rights is paper, and the specific rights are expressed in words or graphics on special paper.
Therefore, securities are also called "documentary evidence" and "documentary evidence". However, with the rapid development of economy, especially the development of electronic technology and information network, paperless securities have appeared in modern society. Securities investors almost no longer own any securities in the form of physical coupons, and the number of securities they hold or the securities rights are recorded in the investor's account accordingly. The development process from "paper securities" to "paperless securities" reveals the great differences between modern securities concepts and traditional securities concepts.
Classification:
1. Property classification.
According to its different nature, securities can be divided into three categories: voucher securities, voucher securities and marketable securities.
2. Evidence securities.
A written document that simply proves a fact, such as a letter of credit, evidence, bill of lading, etc.
3. Certificate securities.
It refers to a written document, such as a certificate of deposit, that identifies the obligee as the legal obligee of private rights and proves that the obligee's obligations are effective.
4. securities
It is a certificate that the index has a par balance, which is used to prove that the holder or a specific subject designated by the securities has ownership or creditor's rights to a specific property. The main feature that distinguishes it from the above two kinds of securities is transferability.