The topography of Australia is very distinctive. There are rugged rock areas, vast deserts and lush Pingdingshan mountains in the west and middle, continuous plateaus in the east, and narrow beach gentle slopes near the sea, which gradually become plains. The coastal areas are full of wide beaches and lush vegetation, and there are various landforms here: the cliffs of the Blue Mountains in the west of Sydney, the tall, beautiful and eroded volcanic neck in the Glasgow Mountains in the north of Brisbane, and the flat Yuan Ye on the south coast of Adelaide.
Murray river and Darling River are the two longest rivers in Australia. These two water systems constitute the Murray-Darling Basin, with an area of about 1 10,000 square kilometers, which is equivalent to 14% of the total area of the mainland. Lake Aier is a huge salt lake near the center of the mainland, covering an area of over 9,000 square kilometers, but it often dries up for a long time.
Most of Australia's land, about 70% belongs to arid or semi-arid zone, and most of the central part is not suitable for living. Australia has 1 1 great desert, which accounts for about 20% of the whole continental area. Because of the little rainfall, more than one third of the continent is actually covered by desert. Australia is the flattest and driest continent in the world. The central depression and the western plateau are arid deserts, and the land available for animal husbandry and agriculture is only 260,000 square kilometers. Coastal areas, especially the southeast coastal areas, are suitable for living and farming. Here the mountains are rolling, the water is abundant and the land is fertile. Except the south coast, the whole coast forms a "green belt" around the mainland, and it is this "green belt" that feeds this country. However, Australia's barren and arid inland areas are rich in mineral resources. Australia's iron ore reserves rank second in the world, and various minerals have brought a lot of wealth to Australia.
The average annual rainfall in Australia is 465 mm, which varies greatly and is unevenly distributed. The driest area is the Aier Lake Basin, and the annual average rainfall is less than 125mm. The wettest places are the northeast tropical region and the southwest of Tasmania. Australia has abundant water resources and fertile land along the coast, and most people live along the coast. The climate in Australia varies greatly. The northern part of the mainland has a humid tropical climate, the central and eastern regions and the western coast have a warm but not too hot climate, while the southern coast of the mainland and Tasmania are cooler. Generally speaking, all parts of Australia are warm in summer and not too cold in winter. In Australia, the highest temperature was recorded in the northeast inland of China, and the temperature in 1889 was as high as 53 degrees Celsius. The coldest place is Charlotte Pass. 1994, the lowest temperature recorded in the snow field near Mount Arcos in Cauchy was minus 23 degrees Celsius.
Australia's climate is milder than that in Europe and America, especially in the north, and similar to that in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean. In Queensland, Northern Territory and Western Australia, the average temperature in 1 month (midsummer) is 29 degrees Celsius during the day and 20 degrees Celsius at night; The average temperature in July (in the middle of winter) is about 22 degrees Celsius and 10 degrees Celsius respectively. The average temperature in New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia 1 month is about 26 degrees Celsius in the daytime, 16 degrees Celsius in the evening, and 15 degrees Celsius and 7 degrees Celsius in July respectively.
Located between the South Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean, it consists of islands and overseas territories such as the Australian mainland and Tasmania. It borders the Coral Sea and tasman sea in the Pacific Ocean in the east, and the Indian Ocean and its marginal seas in the west, north and south, with a coastline of about 36,700 kilometers. It covers an area of 7.692 million square kilometers, accounting for the vast majority of Oceania. Although surrounded by water, deserts and semi-deserts account for 35% of the country's area. The whole country is divided into three areas: the eastern mountainous area, the central plain and the western plateau. The country is divided into three regions: the eastern mountainous region, the central plain and the western plateau. Kosciusko, the highest mountain in the country, is 2230 meters high, and Melbourne River, the longest river, is 3490 miles long. Lake Eyre in the middle is the lowest point in Australia, with an elevation of12m. On the east coast, there is the Great Barrier Reef, the largest coral reef in the world. The north is tropical, and most of it belongs to temperate zone. The annual average temperature in the north is 27℃, and that in the south is 65438 04℃. The inland areas are dry and lack of rain, with annual precipitation less than 200mm, and the eastern mountainous areas are 500- 1200mm.
Australia's climate is semicircle? Northeast is a tropical rainforest climate? East subtropical monsoon climate, southeast and southwest Mediterranean climate, southeast corner temperate maritime climate, central and western tropical desert climate? The north and south sides of the tropical desert climate are savanna climate.
Source: (/s/blog _ 4E04fb220100cgol.html)? -? Australian geography and climate _ Shirley _ Sina blog
There are some cities on both sides of Australia, such as Perth, Brisbane, Exquisite and Melbourne. Why is there no city in the middle? Why isn't there a city in such a big country? Is it because of the desert?
There are no big cities in central China. Basically the biggest reason is that there is no water. Australia is a country short of water, and Queensland, which is relatively rich in water resources, is relatively developed, but it has developed too fast recently ... There was a flood ... Another reason is that it is the residential area of most indigenous people ... Many resources are developed from there ... so it can't meet the requirements of becoming a big city objectively and subjectively. Moreover, coastal areas are more likely to form big cities than central areas. ...
PS: I'm sorry ... this is a high school in Australia ... not very detailed ...? By the way, I am studying environmental major in Mou this year ... If you ask me in a month, I can write you a report of more than N words. ....
Australia's climate is characterized by (dry heat) and its climate distribution is (semicircle), because (great artesian basin) crosses the central part, and the east side (great watershed) blocks the humid air flow from the (Taiping) ocean, while the east side of the mainland is (warm in eastern Australia) and the west side is (cold in western Australia). The seventh question of the geography multiple-choice question in the college entrance examination is: What are the main causes or characteristics of the climate of Australian savanna?
Alternately control the north equatorial depression and the southeast trade wind; ? B) Alternate control of subtropical high and southern westerly wind; ?
C, the east is located in the leeward area, with less precipitation; ? D. It is rainy in summer and dry in winter in the north, rainy in winter and dry in summer in the south. ?
The alternative answers to this question are all correct. The first three are the causes of Australian savanna climate, while the latter is its characteristic. It shows that due to the differences in geographical and environmental conditions, various types of tropical grassland climate have been formed. ?
The savanna climate is also called savanna climate. Throughout the tropical grassland climate around the world, its genetic types are as follows:
1. Trade wind low-pressure control type: this type is formed due to the alternate control of equatorial low-pressure zone and trade wind, and is widely distributed in equatorial south latitude and north latitude10&; Ordm and the vast area between the Tropic of Cancer and the South. It not only appears in northern Australia, on both sides of the equator in Africa, but also in the Brazilian Plateau and Guyana Plateau in South America. This type is large in area and widely distributed, and it is the main body of tropical grassland climate. It is characterized by obvious alternation of dry and wet seasons. In summer, controlled by the equatorial low pressure, the equatorial air mass prevails, and the rainfall increases greatly, accounting for more than 80% of the whole year, forming a hot and rainy wet season; Under the control of the trade winds, tropical continental air masses prevail in winter, and the rainfall drops sharply, accounting for less than 20% of the whole year, forming a dry season with little rain. Due to the difference of natural environment, the rainfall varies. Brazil has more rainfall, reaching more than 1 100mm, while northern Australia has less rainfall, only 750 mm?
Second, the control type of westerly subtropical high: this type is roughly distributed in 30&; ordm—35 & amp； Ordm a narrow strip between southern Australia and southern Africa. It is a unique type formed by alternating control of westerly belt and subtropical high. Its main characteristics are: summer is controlled by subtropical high, tropical continental air mass prevails, and precipitation is scarce, accounting for only about 15% of the whole year, forming dry and hot weather; In winter, influenced by the westerlies, polar ocean air masses prevail, and the precipitation increases greatly, accounting for 85% of the whole year. The weather is mild and humid. This climate type is actually the intermediate type of the transition from tropical desert climate in the southern hemisphere to Mediterranean climate. The precipitation in winter is not as much as that in the Mediterranean, but the temperature in summer is higher than that in the Mediterranean. The distinct dry and wet seasons are the same characteristics of the two. ?
Leeward type: there are savanna climates of different sizes in the west of Dafanling, Madagascar, Central America and the West Indies. Because these places are located in the trade winds near the Tropic of Cancer, they are greatly influenced by the trade winds. When the northeast trade wind or the southeast trade wind sweeps across the vast ocean surface. Affected by the underlying surface, it becomes mild and humid, carrying a lot of water vapor. After landing, in the windward slope area, due to the uplift of the terrain, a large amount of topographic precipitation fell, forming a tropical rain forest climate with high temperature and rain. When the airflow crossed the top of the mountain, it began to sink and entered the rain shadow area. Due to the "foehn effect", the precipitation is greatly reduced. For example, the precipitation on the east side of the Great Watershed in Australia is more than 2000mm, while that on the west side is only about 1000mm, forming a savanna climate. This type is formed on the leeward slope, so it is called "leeward type". ?
4. Plateau equatorial type: Due to the perennial control of equatorial depression, a tropical rain forest climate with high temperature and rain should have formed in the equator and its vicinity of the East African Plateau. However, due to the strong uplift of the terrain, the altitude of most areas is above 3000m, which greatly changes the temperature and precipitation there and makes the climate change show obvious vertical zonation. As the textbook "World Geography" says: "Most of East Africa is located in the north latitude10&; Ordm has become a savanna in most places within ... with a cool climate and less precipitation. ". Because this type occurs in the plateau near the equator, we call it "plateau equatorial type". This type of climate is different from other savanna. Because of the higher altitude, the temperature drops, and the annual average temperature is mostly10&; ordm— 15 & amp； Around ordm, the precipitation distribution is relatively uniform, and the change in dry and wet seasons is not obvious.