Hu Xueyan is no stranger to westernization. Zuo Yu was in charge of all foreign machinery and arms procurement when he founded Fujian Shipping Bureau in 1868. 1882, 1 In June, he wrote to Duke Zuo, expressing his willingness to contribute to the telegraph construction along the Yangtze River. However, Li Hongzhang and Zuo were in charge of Westernization at that time. This made Hu Xueyan very hesitant.
The second way is to sell raw silk. Since the late Ming Dynasty, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces have been the center of the national textile industry. However, after 1860, British and American countries began to set up mechanical reeling factories in Shanghai, and the production efficiency and quality of traditional manual reeling in China could not compete with mechanical reeling at all. In order to further plunder China's cheap labor and raw materials, foreign businessmen monopolize the silk export market, desperately depress the price of raw silk and raise the price of factory silk, and reap huge profits from it. Jiangnan textile industry, which flourished for a hundred years, declined rapidly.
Seeing this, Hu Xueyan thinks that business opportunities are emerging. The reeling industry is booming, but the price of raw silk is falling day by day. This is an extremely abnormal phenomenon. According to his observation, the main reason is that Chinese businessmen are fighting on their own, and foreigners control the price power. In addition, the data show that in the past two years, European agriculture has suffered from drought and the harvest of raw silk has decreased. Based on these judgments, Hu Xueyan stepped in and made a high-profile statement. In the history of a century-old enterprise, the first big commercial war between China and foreign countries broke out.
1In May, 882, he bought a large number of 8000 bales of raw silk, which reached 14000 bales in October. Ouyang Yu, a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, recorded this tragic business war in his Notes on Experience: when the new silk came out that year, Hu sent people to buy it in large quantities, and all of them disappeared. Foreign businessmen want to buy a catty or two, but they can't. Nonsense, I hope Gary10 million Liang, and Hu Fei wants12 million Liang. Foreign businessmen think that raw silk raw materials are manipulated by Hu Xueyan alone, and there will be transactions in the future, but they are under orders. How do they profit from it? Resolutely do not buy silk from Hu Zhisheng, and wait for new silk to come out the next year. Hu invited colleagues in the silk industry to discuss and said, "All raw silk should be collected, and we can't give it to foreign businessmen, forcing them to pay a high price, so that we can reap huge profits. At first, Hu's strategy seemed to work. Stanley, a western scholar, recorded in the book Finance in the Late Qing Dynasty that in September of 1882, the price of first-class raw silk in Shanghai had risen to 17 shilling 4p, while the price in London Stock Exchange was only 16 shilling 3p. The domestic price exceeds the international futures price. 1August 883, the great commercial war entered a decisive moment. Hu Xueyan invested150,000 yuan before and after, and continued to strengthen the market and store goods steadily. Most silk merchants in Shanghai stopped business and held their breath. China and foreign countries have reached the limit of patience, and when it comes to judging the outcome, who knows that the sky has suddenly changed.
One of the variables, the sudden harvest of raw silk in Italy, the sudden suspension of tension in the European futures market, the news back to China, the military began to shake; The bigger variable is that China and France became enemies because of the Vietnam issue and war broke out. 1883 10, French warships arrived in Wusongkou, Shanghai, threatening to attack Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau. The market suddenly changed, the financial crisis broke out and trade stopped completely.
That's the way it is, and there's nothing Hu Xueyan can do. In June165438+1October, price alliance, a silk merchant in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, collapsed, and raw silk was perishable and could not be stored for a long time. Hu Xueyan had to start selling, losing tens of millions. The defeat of raw silk confrontation soon affected the rock-solid banking business, and a terrible wave of bank runs appeared. First, the main rudder of Hangzhou was blocked, and then it spread to more than 20 shops in Beijing, Fuzhou, Zhenjiang, Hubei and Hunan. On February 5, 65438, Fukang Bank declared bankruptcy. In September the following year, Zuo died of illness in Fuzhou; 165438+ 10 In June, the court ordered Hu Xueyan to be dismissed and severely punished; He dismissed his concubines and servants and died very "in time" before the arrival of the imperial edict.
Hu Xueyan's bankruptcy declared the collective collapse of the traditional merchant class. Two of the "three big business gangs", Huizhou merchants and Jiangsu and Zhejiang merchants, suffered heavy losses in this battle and never recovered. Wu Xiaobo
How did Hu Xueyan go bankrupt in the eighth year of Guangxu (1882)? Hu Xueyan opened a silk factory in Shanghai, and spent 20 million taels of silver. The price of raw silk dropped day by day. According to his observation, the main reason is that Chinese businessmen are in their own way, controlled by foreigners, and Hu Xueyan.
Sitting in the village. It is the first Chinese and foreign university in the history of a hundred years.
Here we go. At first, Hu collected millions of tons of domestic new silk at a high price and gained the upper hand. Both China and foreign countries have reached the limit of patience, and when it comes to judging the outcome, who knows that the "astronomical phenomena" have suddenly changed. The sudden harvest of raw silk in Europe and Italy was followed by the outbreak of the Sino-French war, the drastic changes in the market and the sudden outbreak of the financial crisis. That's the truth. Hu Xueyan is gone.
. The next summer, I was forced to sell it at a low price, with a loss of 10000000, and half of my family's assets went, and the turnover was ineffective, and the news spread everywhere. Bureaucrats all over the country compete for deposits and organize extortion. 1 1 month, local enterprises closed down, the property was sold, and the rest of Hu Qingtang changed hands, announcing the closure. Then, Empress Dowager Cixi ordered the dismissal and investigation, and strictly investigated the charges.
When did Hu Xueyan go bankrupt? Why did he go bankrupt? When did he die? Hu Xueyan, born in 1823, is a famous red top businessman. In Shanghai at that time, they were called: Southeast Heroes!
Because at that time, the imperial court was going to fight the Western Expedition, in fact, the imperial court didn't have so many military voices and reserve funds at all. So, Hu Xueyan was ordered to prepare capital loans for the court! So Hu Xueyan prepared funds for Commander Zuo of the Western Expedition. Because when preparing funds, Hu Xueyan reported a little high interest on the loan to the court, so he was told by Li Hongzhang, the old enemy of the left, and fought in the court. Empress Dowager Cixi confiscated all his property and detained Khufu. 1882 went bankrupt and then died unhappy in 1885!
Why did Hu Xueyan go bankrupt so soon? Hu Xueyan became a red-crowned crane merchant, developed, and gradually looked down on some officials of the imperial court and became proud. Some people say that in front of Cixi and Li Hongzhang, the people above don't like him, so there is no hope gradually.
How did Hu Xueyan go bankrupt? How did Hu Xueyan fall? It's impossible to make it clear just by using a steam engine. Strictly speaking, Hu Xueyan was dismissed and confiscated because he lied about the interest rate to the court when he introduced foreign capital and left the backwater; But the real reason is that he gradually completed the transformation from comprador, bureaucratic capitalist to national capitalist, and gave a strong counterattack to foreigners' economic aggression against China. He spent a lot of money on foreign exploitation of sericulture farmers in China, starting with Baosang Garden and then selling it to foreign investors at a higher price, which made them feel even more difficult. What Hu Xueyan did even caused the London market to fluctuate at that time. The hatred for foreigners, coupled with Li Hongzhang's struggle with the Left, naturally made Li Hongzhang put forward the secret order that "the Left must be defeated first", making Hu Xueyan a victim of political struggle.
Hu Xueyan's life? Hu (1823 ~ 1885), Zixueyan, a native of Jixi, Huizhou, a businessman with a red top, was a famous businessman in Huizhou. Open Huqingyutang Chinese medicine shop. Later, he entered the Governor's Curtain of Zhejiang Province and helped Zuo to establish Fuzhou Shipping Bureau on 1866. After Zuo was transferred to the governor of Shaanxi but Gansu, he presided over the affairs of Shanghai Mining Bureau, borrowed foreign debts for Zuo Da, ordered arms with a raise, and set up more than 20 Fukang banks in various provinces with the help of Xiang Jun, operating Chinese medicine and silk tea business and manipulating Jiangsu and Zhejiang businesses. After the outbreak of the Sino-French War, Hu Xueyan finally went bankrupt and died in Hangzhou due to the difficulty of capital turnover and bureaucratic oppression.
When I was a child, my family was poor and I lived by helping people herd cattle. I stayed for a while. I was recommended as an apprentice to a surnamed Yu in Hangzhou, and I was appreciated by my boss. I was appointed as an agent. Xianfeng ten years (1860), before he died, he accepted a gift from a bank. He opened a Fukang bank, made friends with people in officialdom and became a big businessman in Hang Cheng. In the 11th year of Xianfeng (186 1), the Taiping Army attacked Hangzhou, and Yong Guang bought and transported arms and grain from Shanghai and Ningbo to help the Qing army. Left as the governor of Zhejiang, he was appointed as the general manager, presiding over the province's money, grain and military pay, so Fukang Bank made a lot of profits. Officials inside and outside Beijing take Fukang as their external library, regardless of the storage. He also assisted Zuo Chuangye, presided over the Shanghai Mining Bureau, and was in charge of the Fujian Shipping Bureau cleared by Chinese and Western pharmacies.
Buy foreign machines and arms, invite foreign technicians and get a lot of kickbacks from them. He also manipulated Jiangsu and Zhejiang businessmen, specializing in exporting silk and tea, manipulating the market and monopolizing finance. In the eleventh year of Tongzhi (1872), there were more than 20 branches of Fukang Qianzhuang, which spread all over the country. The capital is more than 20 million taels, and the land is 1 10,000 mu. Because of his assistance to Zuo Yougong, he once awarded Jiangxi alternate road and yellow jacket, which is a typical official and businessman. In the 13th year of Tongzhi, Hu Qingyutang Xue Ji Sinopharm was established, and in the 2nd year of Guangxu (1876), he bought land in Yongjinmen, Hangzhou, and built a rubber factory on 10 mu. Hu Ji's drug number, based on a well-known pharmacy, hired Zhejiang famous doctors to collect ancient prescriptions, summed up experience, selected more than 400 prescriptions such as pill powder and gel dew oil wine, and refined them into medicines, which are convenient to carry and take. At that time, wars were frequent and epidemics were prevalent, and drugs such as "Hu's spleen warming pill", "Zhuge San" and "Babao red collar pill" were very popular. Since then, Hu personally wrote the plaque "Never cheat", telling employees that "the pharmaceutical industry is related to life, especially not to cheat" and "the procurement service is true and the repair service is fine". The medicinal materials used are directly purchased from the place of origin, and a deer garden is set up. And the signboard is "true price". Hu Qingyutang is now a large-scale national medicine number of comprehensive preparations of Chinese patent medicines, which is well-known at home and abroad and has played a role in promoting the development of Chinese medicine. In the eighth year of Guangxu (1882), Yong Guang opened a silk factory in Shanghai, costing 20 million taels of silver, and the price of raw silk dropped day by day. According to his observation, the main reason is that Chinese businessmen are in their own way and controlled by foreigners, so Hu Xueyan made a high-profile official appointment. In the century-old enterprise history, the first big commercial war between China and foreign countries began. At first, Hu collected millions of tons of domestic new silk at a high price and gained the upper hand. Both China and foreign countries have reached the limit of patience, and when it comes to judging the outcome, who knows that the "astronomical phenomena" have suddenly changed. The sudden harvest of raw silk in Europe and Italy was followed by the outbreak of the Sino-French war, the drastic changes in the market and the sudden outbreak of the financial crisis. The truth is, there is nothing Hu Xueyan can do. The next summer, I was forced to sell it at a low price, with a loss of 10000000, and half of my family's assets went, and the turnover was ineffective, and the news spread everywhere. Bureaucrats all over the country compete for deposits and organize extortion. 1 1 month, local enterprises closed down, the property was sold, and the rest of Hu Qingtang changed hands, announcing the closure. Then, Empress Dowager Cixi ordered the dismissal and investigation, and strictly investigated the charges. Yong Guang fired his concubines and servants, who would rather die than leave Hu Xueyan. His coffin was buried in the rubble under the cormorant in the western suburbs of Hangzhou. The establishment of 192 1 gauze exchange is a comfort to Hu Xueyan who was 30 years late in the mass grave.
At that time, the cook in Hu Xueyan only filmed a few minutes of touring drama, but didn't actually shoot it.
Hu Xueyan was written by Levin (1926- 1992), whose real name is Xu and whose real name is Zhejiang. Born in Qiantang family. The first historical novel "Li Wa" was published in 1962, which was a blockbuster. The Biography of Cixi, The Merchant of the Red Roof, Hu Xueyan and A Dream of Red Mansions make him one of the most famous historical novelists in the contemporary era, with readers all over the globalized world. Levin's historical novels pay attention to the truth of historical atmosphere and are good at fabricating stories. Critics say that he is "good at meticulous description, paying attention to rich colors, taking vivid expression as the goal, grasping the characteristics and choosing words carefully when writing characters". He wrote more than 90 books in his life, about 105 volumes.
Hu Xueyan's pronunciation and Hu Xueyan's pronunciation: du chúXu yán pronunciation, that is, the pronunciation of words; Pronunciation of language. Just look at the pinyin of words.