Question 2: To borrow money, there must be a loan; What do you mean, loans must be equal? In the double-entry bookkeeping method, any brokerage business will involve two or more subjects, causing the increase or decrease of these two or more subjects;
For these increased or decreased accounting subjects, accounting vouchers shall be prepared according to the rules of the debit and credit bookkeeping method, and accounting entries will be recorded in both debit and credit subjects. If one of the two subjects involved is debited, the other is credited, or more than two subjects are involved, there will be situations of borrowing more loans or borrowing more loans, but there must be borrowing and lending, that is to say, there must be loans.
Moreover, the amount (sum) recorded in the debit account must be equal to the amount (or sum) recorded in the credit account, that is, the debit and credit must be equal.
Question 3: The accounting equation "Where there is a loan, there must be a loan, and the loan must be equal." How to understand? The debit and credit bookkeeping method originated in Italy in the 3rd century/Kloc-A.D., and was introduced to China from Japan during Guangxu period in the late Qing Dynasty. Among all kinds of double entry bookkeeping methods, debit and credit bookkeeping method is the earliest, most widely used and most scientific bookkeeping method in the world today. At present, our state-owned enterprises and institutions all adopt the debit and credit bookkeeping method.
The debit-credit bookkeeping method is a double-entry bookkeeping method. With "debit" and "loan" as bookkeeping symbols, each economic business is comprehensively recorded in two or more interrelated accounts with the same amount. Its main features are as follows:
I. Bookkeeping symbols
Bookkeeping symbols reflect the increase and decrease of various economic businesses.
(A) "Borrow" and "Loan" are abstract accounting symbols.
The debit and credit bookkeeping method takes "debit" and "credit" as bookkeeping symbols, indicating the direction of increase and decrease of bookkeeping, the corresponding relationship between accounts and the nature of account balance. It has nothing to do with the meaning of these two words and their original intention in accounting history. "Debit" and "loan" are accounting terms, which have become the international business language.
(b) "Debit" and "loan" refer to increase or decrease.
As bookkeeping symbols, "debit" and "loan" have double meanings of increase and decrease. . When "debit" and "loan" increase and when they decrease, we must accurately explain them in combination with the specific nature of the account. Assets and expenses are "debit" plus "credit" minus, liabilities, owners' equity and income are "debit" minus "credit" plus. According to the accounting equation "assets+expenses = liabilities+owners' equity+income", we can know that the two bookkeeping symbols "debit" and "credit" have opposite meanings for the accounting elements on both sides of the accounting equation.
Second, the account settings
Under the debit and credit bookkeeping method, the setting of accounts can basically be divided into two categories: assets (including expenses) and liabilities and owners' equity (including income).
The increase of debit registration and the decrease of credit registration in asset accounts are generally debit balances (the account balance is generally on the increasing side, the same below).
The ending balance formula of asset account is: ending debit balance = opening debit balance; 10. Debit amount in current period; 1. Futures amount.
The increase in credit registration and decrease in debit registration of liabilities and owners' equity accounts are generally credit balances.
The ending balance formula of liabilities and owners' equity accounts is: ending goods balance = opening goods balance+current futures amount-current debit amount.
(3) Dual account structure
Because the bookkeeping symbols of "debit" and "credit" have opposite meanings to the accounting elements on both sides of the accounting equation, you can set up accounts with both asset nature and liability nature. For example, accounts receivable and advance receipts can be combined into one account, and accounts payable and advance receipts can also be combined into one account.
The nature of dual accounts is not fixed, and it should be judged according to the direction of account balance. If the balance is in the debit, it is an asset account, and if the balance is in the credit, it can be confirmed as an equity account. There are only a few dual accounts, and the nature of most accounts is still fixed.
Iii. Accounting rules
Bookkeeping rules refer to the rules that must be followed when using bookkeeping methods to correctly record accounting items. Bookkeeping rules are the basis of bookkeeping and reconciliation.
(A) the content of accounting rules
The bookkeeping rule of debit and credit bookkeeping method is: "If there is a loan, there must be a loan, and the loan must be equal".
(B) the application of accounting rules
Bookkeeping rules, also known as the principle of debit and credit balance, can test the correctness of a series of accounting treatments such as accounting entries, posting and closing. Taking the compilation of accounting entries as an example, the application of accounting rules is illustrated.
1, format of accounting entry
The most important content in accounting vouchers is accounting entries. The so-called accounting entry refers to the record of the name, borrowing direction and increase or decrease amount of an account of an economic business. Accounting entry is a simplified form of accounting voucher, sometimes called "accounting formula".
The general format of accounting entries is:
Debit: cash 1 000
Loan: bank deposit 1 000.
2. Classification of accounting entries
According to the number of accounts involved, accounting entries can be divided into simple entries and compound entries. The simple entry is one loan and one loan, and the compound entry is one loan and many loans and one loan and many loans. When the debit and credit bookkeeping method is used to register each economic business according to the bookkeeping rules, the related accounts have a mutual relationship, which is called account ... >>
Question 4: What do you mean the loans must be equal? If loans are not equal, how can the accounting equation be flat? That entry is wrong.
Question 5: If there is a loan, there must be a loan, and the loan must be equal. How to understand "where there is a loan, there must be a loan and the loan must be equal"? Remember that he is the bookkeeping rule of the "debit and credit bookkeeping method" and balance according to this rule.
This relationship comes from the equal debit and credit relationship in the accounting entries of each economic business.
The ending balance you mentioned has a balance, which is accumulated in each account every month. The amount of each economic business it has happened is different, so there is a debit balance or a credit balance.
Question 6: "If there is a loan, there must be a loan, and the loan must be equal." Please help explain that there must be loans, and the loans must be equal. There are several understandings here, 1. Debit amount = credit amount. When the debit account is registered under the double-entry bookkeeping method, it is the same as the amount registered by the credit, so there is an accounting period in which the debit amount = the credit amount. 2. Debit balance = credit balance, accounting identification assets = liabilities+owner's equity. In general, the ending balance of asset accounts is in the debit side, and the ending balance of liabilities and owners' equity accounts is in the credit side, so there is debit balance = credit balance. The debit amount of an asset account indicates the increase of assets, the credit amount indicates the decrease of assets, while the liabilities and owner's equity are just the opposite, the credit indicates the increase and the debit indicates the decrease. The income account and the liability equity account are the same in nature, with the lender indicating an increase and the debit indicating a decrease. The cost account is the same as the asset account, with the debit indicating an increase and the credit indicating a decrease.
Question 7: What do you mean by matching loans? Bank deposit 100.
Credit: cash on hand 100
The debit and credit amounts are equal.
Debit: bank deposit 100
Credit: Cash on hand 90
It is wrong that the debit and credit amounts are not equal.
Question 8: If there is a loan, there must be a loan, and the loan must be equal. Specifically, when making accounting entries, both borrowers and borrowers have at least one subject, and they can borrow one loan, multiple loans, multiple loans and multiple loans. However, the sum of the debit amount and the credit amount of an entry must be equal to be considered as an entry.
Question 9: How to understand the meaning of both borrowers and lenders? Simple understanding: "Debit" in asset category, cost category and profit and loss category means the increase of account amount; "Credit" means the decrease; Liabilities and equity are the opposite.