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What are quantitative and qualitative indicators?
Quantitative research refers to a research method that focuses on the quantitative characteristics, relationships and changes of research objects and predicts the development trend of social phenomena. Typical quantitative research methods include experimental methods and statistical methods.

Qualitative research is mainly a method to explain the essence of social phenomena and the law of change and development through in-depth analysis of the development process and characteristics of social phenomena and detailed investigation of social phenomena. Typical qualitative research methods include field investigation and literature research.

Because there are obvious differences between quantitative research and qualitative research in the starting point, focus and destination of research, how to correctly treat and deal with the relationship between them has always been an important topic in the research methods of sociology of crime.

The principle of combining quantitative and qualitative research refers to the methodological principle of comprehensively using quantitative research methods and qualitative research methods to carry out research activities in criminal sociology research.

Extended data qualitative research explores the "why" rather than "how" of a topic by analyzing messy information, including interview scripts and recordings, emails, notes, feedback forms, photos and videos. Different from quantitative research, it does not only rely on statistical data or figures to draw conclusions. There are also formal research methods such as "grounded theory" and "ethnology".

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