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Anything that can perform the functions of a medium of exchange, a measure of value, a standard of deferred payment or a completely movable means of wealth storage can be regarded as money.

(1) Money is precious metal and wealth.

This view holds that money must have substantial value, and its value is determined by its metal value, and the entity of money must be composed of precious metals. This theory originated from the simple metal theory of the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle. /kloc-The early characteristics of the mercantilist ideological and theoretical system formed in the 6th and 7th centuries are "heavy gold doctrine" or "metalism", which holds that only gold and silver are the real wealth of a country.

(b) Money is a special commodity among universal equivalents.

This stems from Marx's analysis of the origin of money (refer to the columns of "Related Knowledge" and "Ideological Logic of Marx's Theory of the Origin of Money"), which has two meanings:

1. Money has the property of commodity.

In Marx's analysis of the origin of money, the predecessor of money is ordinary goods, which gradually evolved into universal equivalents in the process of exchange. The era when Marx founded the monetary theory was the era when gold coins were widely circulated in various countries. Therefore, Marx regarded gold as the highest stage of money, and gold itself is a commodity with full value. A further inference is that anything that acts as money in commodity exchange is a commodity, and it has the same value and use value as ordinary commodities. Without this * * * and ordinary commodities, there would be no basis for the exchange of money with commodities.

2. Money is essentially different from ordinary commodities.

Money is a commodity, but it is not an ordinary commodity, but a special commodity. Its particularity lies not in value, but in its use value. Gold is fixed as a universal equivalent, and its use value is "double" after being used as currency. It not only has a specific use value determined by natural attributes such as decoration and making utensils, but also has a general use value determined by social attributes, that is, it acts as a universal equivalent and a means of exchange. Obviously, when it appears with the first use value, it is an ordinary commodity, and when it appears with the second use value, it is money. When money acts as a universal equivalent, it has two basic characteristics: first, money can show the value of all goods. After the emergence of currency, the whole commodity world was divided into two poles, one was a special commodity-currency, and the other was all ordinary commodities. Ordinary goods appear in the form of various use values, while money appears in the form of materialization or scale of value. Only by comparing ordinary commodities with money can their values be reflected, and the values of all commodities can only be compared with each other. Second, money has the ability to directly exchange all commodities. As the general representative of monetary family value and social wealth, whoever owns money is equal to owning value and wealth. In actual exchange, money, as a general means of exchange, has no obstacle to the other party's special demand for its use value. The exchange ability of money goes beyond the limitation of the particularity of use value and has the nature of direct exchange. Universal equivalent is an attribute given to money by commodity exchange, which has nothing to do with the value and use value of monetary materials. The significance of ordinary commodities lies in meeting people's special needs in production or life through exchange, while the significance of money lies in being a substance and a general means of exchange that expresses the value of all commodities. This is the essential difference between money and ordinary goods. It can be seen that when investigating the essence of money, we should distinguish its qualitative provisions from its existing forms. No matter what money serves, its nature as a universal equivalent will never change, otherwise it cannot be called money.

Question 2: Money has its own value. What is the value? It comes from nature, changes with the evolution of human beings and develops with the development of society. The ultimate origin of value can only be the moving material world and the working human society.

The commodity separated from the commodity and fixed as a universal equivalent is money; Money is the product of the development of commodity exchange to a certain stage. The essence of money is universal equivalent, which has the functions of value scale, circulation means, payment means, storage means and world currency. In history, different commodities were exchanged as money in different regions, and later monetary commodities were gradually transformed into precious metals such as gold and silver. With the development of commodity production and the expansion of exchange, the supply of commodity money (gold and silver) can not meet the growing demand for money, and substitute money and credit money have gradually appeared to make up for the shortage of circulation means. In the 20th century, gold and silver gradually withdrew from the currency stage, and non-cashed banknotes and bank checks became the main means of circulation and payment procedures in various countries.

Question 3: What does the currency price mean? Currency price is the relative price formed by the ratio between different currencies.

There is a saying in finance that "interest rate is the price of money", and the change of relative interest rate affects the change of money price. When money or financial derivatives with money as the reference object become trading objects, relative prices are generated. From the perspective of currency depreciation and appreciation, the price of currency represents a country's purchasing power, social productivity and socio-economic level.

Question 4: What is the value of money? I attack, that is, commodity prices fall and the value of money increases; As commodity prices go up, the value of money goes down.

Simply put, it can be understood as the quantity of goods exchanged by unit currency.

Question 5: What is currency stability? As a universal equivalent, its value is stable. If it is unstable, it will not be used for trading. But the price fluctuates with the value, which is determined by the market.

Question 6: What factors determine the value of money? Use value is the natural attribute of commodities, and value is the social attribute of commodities. The exchange value is determined by the value, and the commodity price is only the monetary expression of the value of the ingot.

Question 7: What is money? What is the main function of money? 1, the definition of money Any commodity that can perform the functions of medium of exchange, value scale, deferred payment standard or fully mobile wealth storage means can be regarded as money. Money is the product of the development of commodity exchange to a certain stage. The essence of money is universal equivalent. (1) Money is a precious metal, that is, wealth (money is an ordinary commodity at first). This view holds that money must have substantial value, and its value is determined by its metal value, and the entity of money must be composed of precious metals. This theory originated from the simple metal theory of the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle. /kloc-The early characteristics of the mercantilist ideological and theoretical system formed in the 6th and 7th centuries are "heavy gold doctrine" or "metalism", which holds that only gold and silver are the real wealth of a country. (b) Money is a special commodity among universal equivalents.

2, the function of money

In the developed commodity economy, money has five functions: value scale, circulation means, storage means, payment means and world currency. Among them, the most basic functions are value scale and circulation means.

Value measure is a function used to measure and express commodity value, and it is the most basic and important function of money. Value measure and circulation means are two basic functions of money. The measure of value refers to the value of all other commodities expressed in money. The value of money itself determines that it can be used as a measure of commodity value. The function of monetary execution value measure is to express the value of goods as "price". At this time, its form is only the currency in the concept. The function of money as a means of circulation is to act as a medium of commodity exchange, and it should be a realistic currency at this time. In addition, money also has the functions of storage, payment and world currency. 1. The value scale refers to money as a social scale to measure the value of goods. The reason why money can perform the function of value scale is because money itself has value, so it can measure the value of other commodities with its own value. 2. Means of circulation. The function of circulation means is that money is the medium of commodity exchange, that is, the function of purchasing means. Its main feature is that in the sale of goods, the transfer of goods and the transfer of money are completed at the same time, which is usually called cash on delivery. 3. Storage means, the function that money exits the circulation field and is preserved as the general representative of social wealth. As a means of storage, money can spontaneously adjust the amount of money in circulation. When the amount of money needed in circulation decreases, the surplus money will withdraw from circulation; When the amount of money needed in circulation increases, some stored money enters circulation. 4. Means of payment. Means of payment appeared with the appearance of goods purchased on credit. In credit sale and credit purchase, money is used to pay off debts. Later, it was used to pay rent, interest, taxes, payment for goods, wages and so on. 5. The world currency is produced and developed with the development of commodity production and exchange. When commodity exchange transcends national boundaries and develops into international trade, commodities will generally develop their own value in the world. As the expression of its value, currency has become the universal equivalent of commodities in the world, that is, the world currency.

Question 8: What is the monetary integral value? Currency point values are used for currency transactions. Knowing the calculation of integral value, we can understand the significance of monetary integral value.

All foreign currency pairs can be divided into three categories: forward quotation pairs (EUR/USD, GBPUSD), reverse quotation pairs (USD/JPY, USD/CHF) and cross exchange rates (GBF/EUR/JPY, etc.). ).

For foreign exchange pairs with forward quotation, the calculation of point value is based on formula.

-Show quoted text-

[Point] = [Batch] × [Split Closing Point]

[batch]

-number of hands;

[Scale size]

-The number of hops, for example, 0.005438+0 for EUR/USD. For currencies with forward quotations, the value of each point is constant and does not depend on the current quotation.

Example:

For EUR/USD, the batch is 100000 EUR and the quotation unit is -0.05438+0. [pip] =100000 * 0.0001=10.00 USD.

For foreign exchange pairs with reverse quotation:

[pip]=[ batch] × [quotation unit]/[current quotation]

[Current Quotation]-The current quotation. For currencies with reverse quotation, the value of each point depends on the current quotation.

Example:

For USD/JPY, the batch size is $ 100000 and the price point is -0.0 1. The quotation is 129.20, [pip] =10000 * 0.01129.20 = USD 7.74.

For cross exchange rates:

[pip]=[ batch] × [quotation unit ]× [basic quotation]/[current quotation]

[Basic Quotation]-Current basic foreign exchange quotation.

Example:

GBPCHF, batch 62500, offer 2.3000. The basic foreign exchange quotation is GBPUSD 1.4550, and the point value is 62500 * 0.0001*1.4550/2.3000 = USD 3.95.

Maybe you don't know how to calculate. Let me put it briefly: usdjpy100.000 0.01=1000 yen/point.

Uersd100.000 0.0001=10 USD/point.

Gbpusd100.000 0.0001=10 USD/point.

USD100.000 0.0001=10 Swiss francs/point.

Looking at these data, it means that every point is the latter currency of 10 unit, such as 0.0 1 yen, which means 100 points, that is,100 *10 =100.

Question 9: What is the expected monetary value? Expected monetary value; EMV) Expected monetary value, also known as risk exposure value and risk expectation value, is a quantitative risk analysis technique, which is often used with decision trees. It multiplies the monetary consequences of risks that may occur under specific circumstances by the probability of occurrence. This project includes consideration of risk and cash. Positive values indicate opportunities, and negative values indicate risks. The numerical value of each possible result is multiplied by the probability of occurrence, and then added.