At present, fixed-income products in the domestic financial management market include deposits, bank financial management, bonds, fixed-income funds, trusts, asset management plans, P2P, grade A, and other private financial management. In this era of universal financial management, fixed-income financial products are a good choice for those with low risk tolerance. The following is the knowledge about investment and financial management that I have collected. Let’s take a look!

1. What is fixed income financial management?

The so-called fixed income refers to relative floating In terms of income, the asset class invested can bring relatively stable returns due to its own attributes. Although in the long run, the history of most countries has verified that the return on stock investment is higher than the return on other major assets, fixed income investment has the characteristics of low short-term volatility and is more easily accepted by investors, so it has become the first choice of investment assets. mainstream.

For example, we often encounter bank financial management with a certain "performance benchmark" in our lives (usually an annualized return of 4%-5%), monetary funds represented by Yu'ebao, and bonds. Investment-focused bond funds, as well as debt trusts with higher thresholds and usually higher returns. Many loan-type Internet financial financial management also fall into this category.

2. Recommendation of fixed-income financial products

1. Deposits

Bank deposits are the most common and most familiar fixed-income products, mainly including demand deposits. Deposits, time deposits, certificates of deposit, interbank certificates of deposit, etc.

The yields on demand deposits and time deposits are mainly controlled by the central bank. The current benchmark interest rate for deposits has been at its lowest level in recent years, but now banks can independently raise the benchmark interest rate by 50%.

2. Bank financial management

Bank financial management came into being to meet the needs of residents’ wealth management and the marketization of interest rates. Bank financial products are diverse and can be divided into principal-guaranteed products according to whether the capital is guaranteed or not. and non-principal guaranteed. According to the period, they can be divided into within 3 months, 3-6 months, 6-1 year and more than 1 year. Among them, within 3 months is the most important type. According to the currency, it can be divided into RMB financial products and foreign currency. Financial management products, etc. Investors need to purchase different types of financial products according to their actual conditions.

The return rate of bank financial management varies depending on the product term, risk level, issuing institution, etc. Since financial management products are also an important means of attracting deposits, the expected return rate of financial management of small and medium-sized banks is higher than that of large banks. With the central bank lowering its benchmark interest rate several times and the abundance of market liquidity, the yields on bank wealth management products have declined, but are still at a periodic high.

3. Bonds

Bonds are typical fixed-income financial products. The issuer pays interest on schedule and repays the principal at maturity. my country's bond varieties are rich and diverse, which can be divided into treasury bonds, local government bonds, financial bonds, short-term financing bonds, medium-term notes, corporate bonds, corporate bonds, asset securitization bonds, directional instruments, etc. Bonds are standardized financial products with strong liquidity. At the same time, due to full market operation, we need to be more cautious when investing in bonds with low-level credit risks. However, my country's bond issuance has a trustee, internal and external credit enhancement, information disclosure, etc. Multiple measures to protect investors.

The bond yield is mainly related to monetary policy, changes in market supply and demand, and the risk status of the bond type. Overall, my country's bond market has a relatively high investment threshold, and individual investors can invest in fewer varieties, which mainly include some treasury bonds and high-grade securities on exchanges. Most of the bond types are mainly suitable for institutional investors to allocate assets.

4. Fixed income funds

In order to give full play to the advantages of professional management and the characteristics of centralized management and risk diversification of portfolio management, many public fund companies have also developed a large number of fixed-income funds. Fixed-rate fund products that focus on income financial products mainly include money market funds and bond funds.

Money market funds are mainly a type of financial products such as bank agreement deposits and bonds. They have the characteristics of low risk, high liquidity and moderate returns. They are an important alternative to bank deposits.

At the same time, monetary fund marketing has also been deeply integrated with the Internet, resulting in the emergence of various Internet "treasures", which not only provide investors with higher returns than bank deposits, but also provide the convenience of withdrawing cash at any time. , more convenient than the T+1 redemption method of traditional money funds.

Generally speaking, fixed-rate funds have the characteristics of centralized management, risk diversification, and professional investment. In particular, bond funds can avoid problems such as bond investment thresholds and difficulty in selecting investment targets. Moreover, the thresholds are low and are suitable for investments by individuals and non-professional institutions.

5. Trust

The modern trust industry began in 1979, but it was only after 2007 that trust truly entered the public eye, especially with the continued rapid growth of the industry scale. , as well as the various discussions and the popularization of trust culture triggered by it, making trust financial management gradually more popular among the people.

Trust is a property management system in which the beneficiary bears the risks that may arise in property management. However, in China, in order to maintain a good image and social responsibility of the industry, trust products are in the initial development stage because they have the characteristics of fixed income products.

According to the investment direction of trust funds, it can be divided into real estate trusts, industrial and commercial enterprise trusts, basic industry trusts, securities investment trusts, etc. In fact, only non-securities investment trusts have the characteristics of fixed-income financial products.

As a type of non-standardized financial wealth management products, trusts have low liquidity and difficult market circulation, but their yields are relatively high. The current average expected yield is about 9%, and they are subject to different investment directions. In terms of risk levels, the expected returns of different types of trust products also have certain differences.

Of course, trust products can only be sold to qualified investors. The starting subscription amount for mainstream products is 1 million yuan. The threshold is relatively high, and non-high-net-worth people have limited subscription ability.

6. Asset Management Plan

The China Securities Regulatory Commission, China Insurance Regulatory Commission and other major regulatory agencies of my country’s financial institutions have successively issued the "Measures for the Management of Client Asset Management Business of Securities Companies" and supporting details, "About Insurance Supervisory measures such as the "Notice on Relevant Matters of Asset Management Companies" and the "Pilot Measures for Asset Management Business of Futures Companies" have further relaxed the scope of asset management investment of securities, insurance, and fund companies, and various types of asset management plans have mushroomed. Asset management plans are trust-like products that mainly invest in equity, debt, asset income rights and other forms to use funds and provide investors with fixed income returns.

The asset management plan has a relatively high return rate, which can reach about 9%, and can be shotgun on the trading platform. The liquidity is relatively good, but the risk is slightly higher, and investor protection measures are still insufficient.

7.P2P

P2P mainly targets small and micro business owners. The P2P investment targets of the network platform mainly include credit bid, second bid, net value bid, guarantee bid, transfer bid and mortgage bid. At present, as the downward pressure on the macro economy increases, credit risks amplify, P2P bad debts continue to increase, and the sequelae of blind development of the industry become apparent, regulatory authorities have begun to gradually strengthen industry supervision and standardize the operations of each platform.

P2P is a type of financial product with a high yield, with an average annualized yield of 13%. However, due to possible fraud on the P2P platform and the inability of the financier to pay when due, the investment risks are borne Also larger. At the same time, P2P investment threshold is low and suitable for people of all incomes. Combined with the Internet platform, it is easy to operate. Since it is a non-standard product, its liquidity is low.

Many friends know that there have been many thunderstorm platforms recently. Can I still invest in P2P during this period?

The answer is yes. A quick glance at the Baolei platform shows that very few people have actually heard of the name. At the current time point, I personally think that the reasonable investment strategy is to focus on the short and medium term, especially the short-term target. During the investment process, we should also pay attention to the effective diversification of platforms and targets.

8. Graded Fund A

Graded Fund A generally agrees on a certain rate of return according to certain rules, such as one-year fixed deposit +3%, so it has the characteristics of fixed-income financial products , but the income of tiered fund A is not paid in the form of cash, but in parent fund shares. At the same time, because tiered fund A’s trading is more complex and its attributes are more diverse, it still has many differences from fixed-income products.

Grade Fund A includes three values: bond value, option value, and matching value. The bond value refers to the agreed fixed rate of return for the graded fund, and the option value refers to the conversion of Grade A. There is also another clause, namely When the net worth of grade B is lower than a certain position.