The cost of economic globalization
Economic globalization has not only brought economic benefits to all countries, but also paid a considerable price.
One of the costs: global economic instability will become a normal state. In the process of economic globalization, the interdependence of countries' economies has been strengthened unprecedentedly. In this environment, international contagion of economic fluctuations and crises has become a routine and inevitable thing.
The second price: the independence of economic sovereignty of all countries is facing an increasingly severe test. Multinational enterprises are often the main responsible persons for large-scale currency speculation. With the gradual improvement of integration, the independence of economic sovereignty of member States is declining.
The third price: the global gap between the rich and the poor has further widened. As the main owners of capital and advanced technology, developed countries have always been at the center of globalization. While competition creates efficiency, wealth is increasingly concentrated in a few countries or a few interest groups, which leads to the widening gap between the rich and the poor.
Economic globalization is an inevitable trend, and China should take the initiative to participate.
Economic globalization is reflected in the globalization of production and consumption. Globalization of production means that enterprises look for resources not only in their own countries, but also on a global scale, while globalization of consumption means that consumers buy things not only in their own markets but also on a global scale. To engage in production and trade on a global scale, there must be global unified rules. WTO is a multilateral trade dispute settlement mechanism, and multilateral is superior to bilateral. There is at least one authoritative arbitration institution to solve anti-dumping and trade disputes.
People usually only see the benefits that China's entry into WTO will bring to China's exports, but China's trade benefits should also be reflected in imports, allowing consumers to buy more high-quality things and buy some goods with less money. Consumer income should be an important indicator to measure the national economy and people's living standards. More importantly, trade and investment have brought many external effects, which greatly improved the service quality and attitude of China. This is called technology spillover in economics, which is different from technology transfer and is free.
China needs to do four things to participate in economic globalization.
First of all, we must invigorate the market economy and make China an integral part of the world economic system.
Second, the market must be open. Only by opening the market can it become an integral part of the world economy. However, China is a developing country, so it is impossible to fully open its market immediately and unconditionally. Instead, it is necessary to open up conditionally and step by step, meet its own level of development, and generate benefits that are beneficial to both sides of trade.
Third, we must abide by international trade rules. Because the market economy is a legal economy to some extent, China must abide by the rules and participate in the formulation of the rules.
Fourth, we should develop the capital market. If any country wants entrepreneurs to make great achievements, it must develop the capital market. However, although China has a high savings rate, only a small part of it flows into private enterprises, and even less into high-tech companies.
China must correctly handle three groups of relations when participating in economic globalization.
The first is the relationship between opening to the outside world and participation in globalization. We must play by the same rules in the world. We can't always pin our hopes on the protection measures of the country. Participating in global trade as soon as possible is to force our enterprise reform to forge ahead. Only in this way can their competitiveness be really improved.
The second is to narrow the gap between domestic regions and international countries.
The third is the relationship between expanding domestic demand and increasing foreign trade exports. China is a big country with a large domestic market. It is necessary to expand domestic demand, but the importance of foreign trade cannot be ignored.
New situations and problems that China should consider when formulating its economic globalization strategy.
Participation in the process of economic globalization must be based on the development of the national economy. As a developing country and a world trading power, China should actively participate in the activities of international multilateral economic organizations and the formulation of international multilateral economic rules, strengthen multilateral and bilateral economic and trade cooperation, and play an active, stable and constructive role in the development of economic globalization.
China participates in the process of economic globalization, advocates and follows the principle of equality, mutual benefit and common development, recognizes the differences between different countries, and pays attention to handling the interests of developed and developing countries in economic globalization.
The continuous innovation and progress of science and technology is the foundation and condition of economic globalization. China will adhere to the strategic policy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, use modern scientific and technological means to promote trade through science and technology, constantly improve the scientific and technological content and international competitiveness of China's foreign economic and trade, and participate in the development of economic globalization. Only by accelerating scientific and technological innovation, vigorously developing high-tech industries, applying advanced technology and high-tech transformation, and improving the technical content of traditional industries, can China continuously promote the development of productive forces and realize the leap of scientific and technological development in China.
Only by deepening the reform of economic system, promoting the reform of state-owned enterprises, strengthening the construction of market system and accelerating the transformation of government functions and the construction of social security system can we continuously create more favorable conditions for the development of China's productive forces in production relations.