Stock: Securities issued by a joint-stock company to investors to prove its shareholder rights and investment share in the company, and to obtain dividend income accordingly. From this definition, we can see that stocks have three basic elements: issuer, shares and holders. As a kind of ownership certificate, stock has a certain format. China's "Company Law" stipulates that shares shall be in paper form or other forms stipulated by the securities management department of the State Council.
The difference between futures and stocks:
1. There are few types of transactions in the futures market and relatively few fundamental data, which can be consulted in the public media; There are a large number of stocks in the stock market, and the information of each stock needs to be studied, and it is also necessary to cooperate with the comprehensive index, which often leads to the situation of "making an index and losing money".
2. Maintaining charts and calculations takes much less time than stock trading. There are so many stocks in the stock exchange that if you want to predict their trends, you must keep a chart for each stock. For cotton, you only need one or three charts, and so do other agricultural products or futures. 3. The transaction cost of futures is low, the cost of a transaction is a few ten thousandths of the transaction amount, and the profit of futures does not need to pay income tax; The transaction cost of the stock market is high, and the cost of a transaction is about 1% of the transaction amount.
4. Futures operations can enter and exit indefinitely on the same day, that is, T+0 trading. If you find an operational error, you can immediately close your position and leave; The operation of the stock market is to buy on the same day and sell the next day, that is, T+ 1 transaction. Even if an operation error is found in the session, you can only watch the closing eagerly, but there is nothing you can do.
5. The trading result of futures is a "zero-sum game" (except the transaction cost). Judging from the loss of participants, regardless of the handling fee factor, the futures market always makes half of the money and half loses money; The trading result of the stock market is "* * * win or lose", and the systemic risk of the stock market cannot be avoided at present.
6. Look at the fluctuation range of single-day price; Futures are generally only 3%; At present, the stock 10%, with the maturity of the market, the price limit of the stock will be lifted.
7. From the perspective of risk monitoring, the varieties traded in the futures market are mostly bulk agricultural products or industrial raw materials, which are related to the national economy and people's livelihood, and price fluctuations are monitored by the exchange, the CSRC and even the relevant ministries and commissions in the State Council; However, there are nearly 2000 listed companies, and the formation of stock prices is dominated by many factors. It is difficult to identify the reasonable fluctuation range of prices and implement effective supervision. The phenomenon of price manipulation in the market has been repeatedly banned.
8. Judging from the pricing basis and price sequence, commodity prices in the futures market are based on value, fluctuating with the relationship between supply and demand, and there is a spot for reference. Moreover, relatively speaking, the resources at the disposal of both long and short sides are infinite. Both long and short sides have equal status, and there is no spot price, so neither side dares to do anything wrong. Moreover, the market operation is open and transparent, daily transactions and positions are announced to the public, insider trading is rare, and it is difficult for large households to manipulate; ; However, the detailed information of the stock market operation is difficult to obtain, and there are many insider trading. Because the number of shares in circulation is relatively limited, the "banker" of the stock can secretly intervene in advance through his own information and financial advantages, collect most of the chips, and can relatively grasp the "pricing power" of the stock price. The status of the owner and the follower is seriously unequal, the price and value are often seriously out of touch, and the followers and latecomers are generally difficult to shake.
9. The futures market is an open market with many influencing factors and a wide demand for knowledge, while the stock market is relatively closed, so it is necessary to know more microeconomic entities in time.
10, the margin trading system in the futures market enables investors to "expand from small to large", and as long as the funds are properly managed, they can get high returns; The stock market is a full margin transaction, and the investment ratio is difficult to control. Futures have a strong trend, and once the long-term trend is established, the market will follow suit.
1 1. The operation of the futures market is a "two-way street", which can be bought first and then sold, or sold first and then bought, that is, both bull and bear markets can make money; The operation of the stock market is a one-way street, and it can only be "buy first and then sell". Only a bull market can make money.
12, the operation of the futures market needs to pay attention to the time factor. Just close the position before the expiration and change it into a forward contract, and choose a jump contract. It's not easy to change stocks.
13, the total positions in the futures market are changing, capital inflows, and the total positions are increasing; Capital outflow, the total number of positions decreased; The circulation share of a single stock in the stock market is fixed, but the total share will not change.
14. There are many trading methods in the futures market, such as simple trading, period arbitrage, cross-market arbitrage and cross-variety arbitrage. ; The stock market trading mode is single.
15, the research focus of futures market lies in the relationship between supply and demand of futures varieties, economic fluctuation cycle, government policies, seasonal factors and so on. The research on the stock market focuses on the macroeconomic environment and the production and operation of individual stock enterprises, which is complicated.
16, futures follow the seasonal trend and are easier to predict. Futures prices change with supply and demand. The trend of futures is very strong. Once the long-term trend is established, the market will follow suit and the stock trend is poor! Go well, I don't know when it will collapse. The trend of futures is very simple, and the stock is full of twists and turns. No wonder a friend stopped making stocks and made futures. It is uncertain when the profit will be locked in.