1. A listed company converts its assets into shares at the par value of 1 yuan per share (now there is 0. 1 yuan) and issues them in the stock market. Shareholders subscribe at the issue price (several times or even dozens of times the original stock value), and the funds obtained from the subscription are taken away by the listed company for expanding reproduction or developing new projects, while the assets of the original company remain unchanged. Or the normal operation step by step, in this way, it is equivalent to the listed company taking a company of the same size away from the stock market for nothing, but without paying a penny of tax and interest. This is the financing function of the stock market, providing free funds to support the development of enterprises;

A stock is actually a piece of paper, which is put into the stock market and bought by investors. However, the profitability of the company's production and operation is no longer directly related to shareholders. Even if you make a profit and pay dividends, your market value is the same as not paying dividends. If it is necessary to intervene, if the company operates well and has outstanding performance, it will get the attention of big funds in the stock market, thus making the stock price rise. At this time, if our shareholders hold this stock, we will benefit. On the contrary, if the company is in a mess, the stock will fall and the holder will lose money. Obviously, there is only an indirect relationship between the company and the shareholders.

2. Bonds refer to large companies or governments that are short of money and borrow from the whole society, including corporate bonds, national bonds and financial bonds; Short-term, medium-term and long-term.

3. The fund is to gather idle funds in the market to an institution or organization, so that professional financial talents can conduct purposeful investment or management in a unified way, which can greatly strengthen the investment and application strength of funds. There are many types of funds (social security funds, pension funds, stock funds, bond funds, etc.). )

Futures are established for the smooth circulation of goods in short supply in the market. Because these goods are very special, either resources are extremely scarce or the production cycle is very long. The futures market adjusts these commodities according to the market demand in different periods.

Difference: 1, investment risk grade futures >; Stocks > funds > bonds

2. In China, futures can be short, stocks and bonds can't, and funds can't be short anywhere.

3. Stocks, bonds and funds are all fully invested, and futures is a margin system.

4. In China, futures are T+0 transactions, which can be sold on the day of purchase, but the other three cannot.

The difference between stocks and futures: stocks are fully traded, that is, you can only buy as many stocks as you have, while futures is a margin system, that is, you only need to pay 100% of the turnover to trade 100%. For example, if an investor has 1 10,000 yuan, he can buy 1000 shares if he buys1000 yuan, and he can make a commodity futures contract with110,000 yuan if he invests in futures. This is the margin system of futures, and its leverage principle is the charm of futures investment.