2. The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) often restricts oil production, because oil prices will rise if oil demand remains unchanged. As shown in the figure, the production restriction policy moves the supply curve from S 1 to S2, the equilibrium point from E 1 to E2, and the price rises from P 1 to P2.
3. At the same time, because oil is an important energy source in all countries, its demand price elasticity is small, so the decline of demand is less than the increase of price, which leads to the increase of sales income caused by price increase is bound to be greater than the decrease of sales income caused by demand decrease, and the total income of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries will increase. As shown in the figure, after the price rises, the demand from Q 1 to Q2 decreases, but q2ae 1q 1 is less than p 1ae2p2, that is, the total income increases.
Therefore, OPEC tends to limit oil production, otherwise oil-producing countries will suffer income losses.
1. Data show that 7 billion people in the world "wear" 0.8 tons of oil, "eat" 0.6 tons of oil, "live" 3.8 tons of oil and "travel" 3.8 tons of oil, totaling 9 tons. In developed countries in Europe and America and newly industrialized developing countries such as China, this figure has doubled and increased by dozens of times. In fact, these data are obviously still low. According to BP's World Energy Statistical Yearbook, as early as 20 12, the global oil output was 465,438+200 million tons, and the per capita oil consumption of 7 billion people in the world was 589 kg. If the average life expectancy in the world is 67 years old, the average living consumption of people on earth is 39.43 tons. In 20 12, the population of China was13.54 million, and the oil consumption was 484 million tons, with a per capita consumption of 357.5 kilograms. The average life expectancy is 73.5 years, so China people will spend 26.3 tons in their lifetime.
2. Take clothing as an example. We can see its material from the label of the clothes. Polyester, acrylic fiber and nylon, including the now famous Lycra and Modal, are all synthetic fibers produced by petroleum. It can be said that seven out of every 10 clothes in the world are made of petrochemical raw materials, and most of the clothes made of plant fibers have been treated with some chemical fiber materials or petrochemical products. Colorful dyes and washing powder, laundry detergent, netting and softener for laundry are all petrochemical products. Because the petrochemical industry supplies a large number of synthetic fibers with low cost and high efficiency, today's clothes are colorful and cheap. The synthetic fiber factory covers an area of about a football field (5,000 square meters) with an annual output of 90,000 tons of fibers. If cotton is planted to meet the market demand of the same scale, it needs 1600 square kilometers of land, which is larger than that of Taiwan Province Province. This shows the importance of the development of synthetic fibers to the progress of human society. If we drink a bottle of mineral water, we need 0.25 equivalent of a bottle of oil. If we can't drink a bottle, we can save 0.25 bottle of oil.