Pure aluminum is very soft, not tough, and has good ductility. It can be drawn into filaments and rolled into foil, and is widely used in manufacturing wires, cables, radio industries and packaging industries. Its conductivity is about two-thirds of that of copper, but its density is only one-third of that of copper. Therefore, compared with copper wire and aluminum wire with the same quality and length, the conductivity of aluminum is about twice as high as that of copper, and the price is lower. Therefore, high-voltage lines in the field are mostly made of aluminum, which saves a lot of costs and relieves the tension of copper materials.

The thermal conductivity of aluminum is three times that of iron. In industry, aluminum is often used to make various heat exchangers and heat dissipation materials, and many cookers used in families are also made of aluminum. Compared with iron, it is not easy to rust and prolongs the service life. Aluminum powder has silvery white luster and is often mixed with other substances as a coating, which is painted on the surface of iron products to protect iron products from corrosion and is beautiful. Because aluminum can emit dazzling white light and a lot of heat when burned in oxygen, it is often used to make some explosive mixtures, such as ammonium aluminum explosive.

In metallurgical industry, thermite is often used to melt refractory metals. For example, when aluminum powder and iron oxide powder are mixed together, they will react violently after being triggered, and are often used to weld railway tracks in traffic; Aluminum is often used as deoxidizer in steelmaking industry; Smooth aluminum plate has good reflective performance, and can be used to manufacture high-quality mirrors, condensing bowls, etc. Aluminum also has good sound absorption performance. According to this feature, some broadcast rooms and ceilings in modern buildings are made of aluminum. Pure aluminum is softer. 1906, German metallurgist Villm added a small amount of magnesium and copper to aluminum to make a tough aluminum alloy. Later, this patent was bought by the German Dura company, so aluminum is also called "Dura aluminum". In the development process of the next few decades, people developed a lot of aluminum alloys according to different needs, which played a very important role in many fields.

Adding a small amount of aluminum to some metals can greatly improve their properties. For example, bronze aluminum (containing 4% ~ 15% aluminum) has high-strength corrosion resistance, hardness close to that of low-carbon steel, and metallic luster that is not easy to blacken. It is often used in jewelry and construction industries, manufacturing machine parts and tools, pickling equipment and other equipment in contact with dilute sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid. Making brushes and grips for electric welding machines; Heavy gear and worm wheel, metal forming mold, machine tool guide rail, non-spark tool, non-magnetic chain, pressure vessel, heat exchanger, compressor blade, ship propeller and anchor, etc. Adding magnesium to aluminum produces aluminum-magnesium alloy, which is much harder than pure magnesium and aluminum, and retains the characteristics of light weight, and is often used to manufacture aircraft fuselage and rocket body; Make doors and windows to beautify the living environment; Build ships.

Aluminizing is one of the chemical heat treatment methods of steel. A high-temperature resistant alumina film is formed on the surface of ordinary carbon steel or cast iron to protect the iron inside. Aluminum is a very important metal, however, many aluminum-containing compounds are also very important to human beings.

aluminium alloy

Al-based alloy. The main alloying elements are copper, silicon, magnesium, zinc and manganese, and the secondary alloying elements are nickel, iron, titanium, chromium and lithium.

Aluminum alloy has low density, but high specific strength, close to or higher than high-quality steel, good plasticity, can be processed into various profiles, has excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, and is widely used in industry, and its dosage is second only to steel.

Aluminum alloys are divided into two categories: cast aluminum alloys, which are used as cast; Deformed aluminum alloy can withstand pressure processing, and its mechanical properties are higher than as-cast. Can be processed into various forms and specifications of aluminum alloy materials. Mainly used for manufacturing aviation equipment, daily necessities, building doors and windows, etc.

Aluminum alloys can be divided into wrought aluminum alloys and cast aluminum alloys according to processing methods. Wrought aluminum alloys can be divided into non-heat treated aluminum alloys and heat treated aluminum alloys. Non-heat treatment strengthening type can not improve mechanical properties through heat treatment, but only through cold working deformation, mainly including high-purity aluminum, industrial high-purity aluminum, industrial pure aluminum and rust-proof aluminum. Heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloys can improve their mechanical properties by means of heat treatment such as quenching and aging, which can be divided into hard aluminum, forged aluminum, superhard aluminum and special aluminum alloys.

Aluminum alloy can obtain good mechanical properties, physical properties and corrosion resistance through heat treatment.

Cast aluminum alloys can be divided into aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-copper alloy, aluminum-magnesium alloy and aluminum-zinc alloy according to chemical composition.

Pure aluminum products

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Pure aluminum can be divided into two categories: smelting products and pressure processing products. The former is represented by the chemical composition al, and the latter is represented by the Chinese phonetic alphabet LG (aluminum, industrial).

Pressure working aluminum alloy

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Aluminum alloy pressure processing products are divided into seven categories: rust prevention (LF), hardness (LY), forging (LD), superhard (LC), cladding (LB), special (LT) and brazing (LQ). The commonly used aluminum alloy materials are annealed (M-annealed), quenched (Y) and hot rolled (R).

aluminum

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Aluminum and aluminum alloys processed into certain shapes are collectively called aluminum materials, including plates, belts, foils, tubes, rods, wires and profiles.

casting aluminium alloy

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Cast aluminum alloy (ZL) can be divided into four categories, namely, silicon, copper, magnesium and zinc, with code names 100, 200, 300 and 400 respectively.

High strength aluminum alloy

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High-strength aluminum alloy refers to aluminum alloy with tensile strength greater than 480 MPa, mainly including hard aluminum alloy, superhard aluminum alloy and casting alloy.

Typical uses of different brands of aluminum alloys

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Use of alloy codes

1050 extrusion coils, various hoses and fireworks powder for food, chemical and brewing industries.

1060 requires high corrosion resistance and formability, but not high strength. Chemical equipment is its typical use.

1 100 is used to process parts that require good formability and high corrosion resistance but do not require high strength, such as chemical products, food industry devices and storage containers, thin plate processed parts, deep-drawing or spinning concave vessels, weldments, heat exchangers, printed boards, nameplates and reflective appliances.

1 145 packaging and heat insulation aluminum foil, heat exchanger

1 199 electrolytic capacitor foil, optical reflection deposition film

1350 wires, conductive stranded wires, buses and transformer belts

20 1 1 requires screws and machined products with good cutting performance.

20 14 is suitable for occasions requiring high strength and hardness (including high temperature). Aircraft heavy-duty, forgings, thick plates and extruded materials, wheels and structural components, first-stage fuel tanks for multi-stage rockets and spacecraft components, truck frames and suspension system components.

20 17 is the first 2XXX alloy used in industry. At present, its application scope is narrow, mainly including rivets, general mechanical parts, structural parts of structures and transport vehicles, propellers and accessories.

Aircraft structures, rivets, missile parts, truck hubs, propeller parts and other structural parts.

2036 Automobile Body Sheet Metal Parts

Structural parts and weapon structural parts of 2048 aerospace vehicle

2 124 aerospace structure

Piston of 22 18 aircraft engine and diesel engine, cylinder head of aircraft engine, impeller and compressor ring of jet engine.

22 19 space rocket welded oxidizer tank, supersonic aircraft skin, structural parts, working temperature -270~300 degrees celsius. Good weldability, high fracture toughness and high stress corrosion cracking resistance in T8 state.

23 19 alloy covered electrode and filler solder for welding and drawing.

26 18 die forgings and free forgings. Piston and aero-engine parts

2A0 1 Structural rivet with working temperature less than or equal to 100℃.

Axial compressor blade 2A02 of turbojet engine operating at 200~300℃.

2A06 aircraft structure with working temperature of 150~250℃ and rivets for aircraft structure with working temperature of 125~250℃.

The strength of 2A 10 is higher than that of 2A0 1 alloy, and it is used to manufacture aircraft structural rivets with working temperature less than or equal to 100 degrees Celsius.

2A 1 1 Medium strength structural members, propeller blades, building structural members of vehicles and airplanes. Medium strength bolts and rivets for aircraft

2A 12 Aircraft skins, partitions, ribs, beams and rivets. Structural parts of buildings and transport vehicles.

2A 14 Free forgings and die forgings with complex shapes

2A 16 Spacecraft components working at 250~300 degrees Celsius, welded containers and airtight cabins working at room temperature and high temperature.

2A 17 Aircraft parts with working temperature of 225~250℃.

2A50 Medium Strength Parts with Complicated Shapes

2A60 aero-engine compressor impeller, guide wheel, fan, impeller, etc.

2A70 aircraft skin, aircraft engine piston, guide wheel, wheel disc, etc.

2A80 aero-engine compressor blades, impellers, pistons, expansion rings and other parts with high working temperature.

2A90 aero-engine piston

3003 is used to process parts and components that require good formability, high corrosion resistance and good weldability, or work that requires both these properties and higher strength than 1XXX alloy, such as kitchen utensils, food and chemical products processing and storage devices, tanks and tanks for transporting liquid products, and various pressure vessels and pipelines processed with thin plates.

The tank body of 3004 all-aluminum tank requires parts with higher strength than 3003 alloy, chemical products production and storage equipment, sheet metal processing parts, building processing parts, building tools and various lamps and lanterns parts.

3 105 room partition, baffle, movable roof board, downpipe, plate molding parts, bottle caps, bottle stoppers, etc.

3A2 1 Aircraft fuel tank, oil gallery, rivet line, etc. Building materials and food and other industrial equipment.

Similar to 3003 alloy, 5005 has medium strength and good corrosion resistance. Used as conductor, cooker, dashboard, shell and architectural decoration. The anodic oxide film is brighter than the oxide film on 3003 alloy, which is in harmony with the color tone of 6063 alloy.

5050 sheet can be used as refrigerator and freezer lining, automobile air duct, oil pipe and agricultural irrigation pipe; It can also process thick plates, pipes, bars, special-shaped materials and wires.

5052 This alloy has good formability, corrosion resistance, candlelight, fatigue strength and moderate static strength, and can be used to manufacture aircraft fuel tanks and oil pipes, as well as sheet metal parts, meters, street lamp brackets and rivets, hardware products, etc. of traffic vehicles and ships.

5056 magnesium alloy and cable sheath rivet, zipper, nail, etc. Aluminum clad wire is widely used in processing agricultural insect traps and other occasions requiring high corrosion resistance.

5083 is used in places that need high corrosion resistance, good weldability and medium strength, such as welding parts of ships, automobiles and aircraft plates; Pressure vessel, refrigeration device, TV tower, drilling equipment, transportation equipment, missile parts, armor, etc. Strict fire prevention measures are needed.

5086 is used in places that need high corrosion resistance, good weldability and moderate strength, such as ships, automobiles, airplanes, cryogenic equipment, TV towers, drilling rigs, transportation equipment, missile parts and decks.

5 154 Welded structures, storage tanks, pressure vessels, ship structures and offshore facilities, and transport tanks.

5 182 plate is used to process cans, automobile body panels, steering wheels, reinforcements, brackets and other parts.

5252 is used to manufacture high-strength decorative parts, such as automobile decorative parts. After anodic oxidation, it has a bright and transparent oxide film.

5254 containers for hydrogen peroxide and other chemical products

5356 Welding Al-Mg alloy covered electrode and welding wire with magnesium content greater than 3%

Welding structures, pressure vessels and pipelines of 5454 offshore facilities.

5456 steel plate, high-strength welded structure, storage tank, pressure vessel and ship material.

5457 Decorative parts of automobiles and other equipment that have been polished and anodized.

5652 Storage containers for hydrogen peroxide and other chemical products

5657 Decorative parts of automobiles and other equipment that have been polished and anodized, but in any case, it is necessary to ensure that the materials have a fine grain structure.

5A02 aircraft fuel tank and conduit, welding wire, rivet, ship structural parts.

The strength welded structure, cold stamping parts, welding container and welding wire in 5A03 can be used to replace 5A02 alloy.

5A05 welded structural parts, aircraft skin skeleton

5A06 welded structure, cold die forgings, welded container stress parts, aircraft skin bone parts.

5A 12 welded structural parts, bulletproof deck

6005 extruded profiles and pipes are used for structural components that require strength and height greater than 6063 alloy, such as ladders and TV antennas.

6009 automobile body panel

60 10 table: automobile body

606 1 requires various industrial structures to have certain strength, high weldability and corrosion resistance, such as pipes, rods, profiles and plates used for manufacturing trucks, tower buildings, ships, trams, furniture, mechanical parts and precision machining.

Building profiles, irrigation pipes and extruded materials for vehicles, benches, furniture and fences.

Extrusion materials for 6066 forgings and welded structures

6070 Heavy-duty welded structures, extrusion materials and pipes for automobile industry

6 10 1 gong * * High-strength bars, conductors, heat dissipation equipment for automobiles, etc.

6 15 1 is used for die forging crankshaft parts, machine parts and production rolling rings, which requires good malleability, high strength and good corrosion resistance.

620 1 high strength conductive rod and wire

6205 thick plate, pedal and high impact extrusion

6262 is a threaded high stress part, and its corrosion resistance is better than that of 20 1 1 and 20 17 alloys.

635 1 Extruded structural parts of vehicles, pipes for water and oil, etc.

6463 profiles of buildings and various electrical appliances, as well as automotive decorative parts with bright surfaces after anodic oxidation treatment.

6A02 Aircraft engine parts, forgings and die forgings with complex shapes.

7005 extrusion material is used to manufacture welded structures with high strength and fracture toughness, such as trusses, bars and containers of transport vehicles; Large heat exchangers, and parts that cannot be solid-solution treated after welding; It can also be used to make sports equipment, such as tennis rackets and softball bats.

7039 refrigerated containers, cryogenic instruments and storage boxes, fire-fighting pressure equipment, military equipment, armor plates and missile devices.

7049 is used for forging parts which have the same static strength as 7079-T6 alloy and require high stress corrosion cracking resistance, such as aircraft and missile parts-landing gear hydraulic cylinders and extrusions. The fatigue performance of the parts is almost the same as that of 7075-T6 alloy, but the toughness is slightly higher.

Plates, extrusions, free forgings and die forgings of 7050 aircraft structural parts. The requirements of alloy for manufacturing such parts are: high spalling corrosion resistance, stress corrosion cracking ability, fracture toughness and fatigue resistance.

Aluminum foil and ultra-thin strip of 7072 air conditioner; Cladding of 22 19, 3003, 3004, 5050, 5052, 5 154, 606 1, 7075, 7475, 7 178 alloy plates and tubes.

7075 is used to manufacture aircraft structures and futures. He requires high-stress structural parts and molds to have high strength and strong corrosion resistance.

7 175 is used for forging high-strength structures of aircraft. T736 material has good comprehensive properties, namely, high strength, spalling corrosion resistance, stress corrosion cracking resistance, fracture toughness and fatigue strength.

7 178 is used to manufacture high compression yield strength parts of aerospace vehicles.

Aluminum clad and non-aluminum clad plates, wing frames, longitudinal beams, etc. For the 7475 fuselage. Other parts with high strength and fracture toughness.

7A04 aircraft skin, screws and stress parts, such as girders, frames, ribs, landing gear, etc.

Country and code of wrought aluminum and aluminum alloy

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1. range

This standard specifies the status code of deformed aluminum alloy.

This standard is applicable to aluminum and aluminum processed products.

2. Basic principles

2. 1 The basic status code is expressed in English capital letters.

2.2 The subdivision status code is represented by the basic status code followed by one or more Arabic numerals.

2.3 basic status code

There are five basic states.

Description and application of code name

F the free machining state is applicable to products with special requirements for work hardening and heat treatment conditions during molding, and the mechanical properties of products in this state are not specified.

O annealing state is suitable for the processed products with the lowest strength after complete annealing.

H Work hardening state is suitable for products whose strength is improved by work hardening. After work hardening, the product may (or may not) undergo additional heat treatment to reduce its strength.

W Solution heat treatment state The treatment state is an unstable state, which is only applicable to alloys naturally aged at room temperature after solution heat treatment. This status code only indicates that the product is in the natural aging stage.

T Heat treatment state (different from F, O, H state) is suitable for stable products after heat treatment, with or without work hardening. T code must be followed by one or more Arabic numerals.