Some plants in nature are self-pollinated, such as barley, wheat and soybean. The flowers of self-pollinating plants must be bisexual, and the pistil and stamen are close together, so pollen can easily fall on the stigma of this flower; Pistil and stamen should mature at the same time. But plants with bisexual flowers are not necessarily self-pollinated. Most angiosperms are cross-pollinated and a few are self-pollinated.
Mendel mainly used peas as experimental materials in the hybridization experiment, because peas are self-pollinating plants, and they are closed-pollinated, that is, peas have been pollinated before flowering.
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There are generally two ways of plant pollination: one is self-pollination and the other is cross-pollination, both of which are very common in nature.
Self-pollinated flowers must be: bisexual flowers, whose stamens are often born around the pistil and close to each other, so pollen is easy to fall on the stigma of this flower; The pollen sac of stamen and embryo sac of pistil must mature at the same time; The stigma of pistil has no physiological obstacles to the pollen germination and the development of male gametes in pollen tubes.
Cross-pollinated plants and flowers have undergone some special adaptive changes in structure and physiology, which makes self-pollination impossible, mainly as follows: flowers are unisexual and dioecious; Amphoteric flowers, but stamens and pistils do not mature at the same time; Female and stamens are different in length or ectopic, so self-pollination cannot be carried out; Pollen falling on the stigma of this flower cannot germinate or fully develop to achieve fertilization results.
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