Most of the cotton price information given by the futures market and the State Reserve Cotton is the price of lint per ton, which needs to be converted into the price of seed cotton for reference. This involves the conversion of lint and seed cotton prices. Most people think that one kilogram of lint is equivalent to three kilograms of seed cotton. Isn't it obvious? What else is there?
Actually, this is not the case. Because of the difference in cotton-padded jacket, the calculated prices are obviously different. To calculate more accurately, it is necessary to use the general calculation formula of industry departments. Then, how are the prices of seed cotton and lint converted to each other? Let me tell you something, hoping to help you.
1. Calculate the lint price first. The general formula at present is: lint price = {seed cotton price-cottonseed price x( 1- lint percentage -0.0 1) bu (lint percentage -0.0 1)X2000.
2. Then backward, use two methods to calculate the purchase cost price of seed cotton from the sales price of lint (rolling consumption is calculated at 2%; You can also pour lint cost price).
① Seed cotton price = lint price * lint percentage +( 1- lint percentage) * 98% * cottonseed price-processing fee.
② Seed cotton price = lint price * lint percentage+cottonseed price *( 1- lint percentage -2%- processing fee)
According to the above formula, how can the price of seed cotton be converted into the price of seed cotton compared with the price of lint?
The calculation formula is as follows: standard-grade seed cotton purchase price = (standard-grade lint warehousing price-processing cost) x seed cotton trial-rolling coat fraction+(seed cotton trial-rolling coat fraction-processing loss) x wool cottonseed price.
Among them, the processing cost is generally 1000 yuan/ton (including acquisition cost, processing cost, financial cost, short-distance freight, etc. ); Processing loss is generally calculated as 1.5% (including cottonseed loss and clothing loss).
In the calculation process, we also need to understand the following basic concepts about cotton indicators.
Percentage of lint percentage: refers to the percentage of lint obtained by trial grinding with leather roller or sawtooth in the weight of trial-rolled seed cotton sample when purchasing seed cotton, also called sweater percentage. Mainland cotton is generally 35-38%, and Xinjiang cotton is slightly higher, reaching 38-42%. Lint percentage is mainly related to cotton varieties and growth conditions. The higher the lint percentage, the higher the lint yield. Regardless of moisture regain and impurity content, it is called sweater percentage. Moisture regain: the moisture regain of cotton refers to the percentage of moisture contained in wet cotton to the weight of dry cotton. Due to the different geographical location and collection season, the moisture regain varies greatly. The official moisture regain of cotton is 8.5%, and the maximum moisture regain of cotton is 10.0%. Cotton with 10.0% or more needs to be dried or dried before processing.
Impurity rate: the percentage of impurities contained in cotton in the weight of cotton. The standard impurity content of cotton is 3.0% for leather roller cotton and 2.5% for serrated cotton. Gross weight: the total weight of cotton and its packaging. Net weight: gross weight minus package weight. Quasi-weight: the net weight converted into standard impurity content according to the actual impurity content of cotton. Conditional weight: Quasi-weight is the weight converted from the actual moisture regain of cotton to the common moisture regain. Quasi-weight lint percentage of seed cotton: the percentage of quasi-weight of lint rolled from seed cotton to the weight of corresponding seed cotton. Lint percentage of seed cotton: the percentage of lint weight rolled from seed cotton to the corresponding seed cotton weight. In order to study the purchase price and sales price of cotton, general cotton enterprises often convert the two indexes of cotton moisture regain and impurity content according to the cotton moisture regain and standard impurity content, and get the seed cotton's public lint percentage and the ton cost under lint condition weight, which is more scientific.
Loss rate: The loss (mainly breakage) of cottonseed purchased with cotton due to sawtooth ginning generally accounts for about 65,438+0% of the weight of seed cotton and 65,438+0.7% of the total cottonseed contained in original cotton seeds. Clothing loss rate: refers to the loss rate of cotton fiber. The ginning loss rate is the percentage of the difference between ginned cotton yield and actual ginned cotton yield, in which ginned cotton yield is calculated according to the percentage of lint percentage after trial rolling when purchasing cotton. In the past, there were 80 old ginning machines in ginning factories, and the clothing loss rate was 3.5%-4%. Moreover, in order to minimize the content of short fibers and impurities in lint, the minimum requirement was not less than 2.5%. In order to minimize the waste of lint resources, the maximum should not be higher than 6%. In fact, the impurities discharged from cotton gin and sterile seed cotton still contain some recoverable cotton fibers (the length is more than 25mm), which we call the cotton content of sterile seeds and should be controlled between 20% and 30%. After ginning, it can still be sold at a discount after cleaning and recycling. With the continuous improvement of processing equipment and technology, lint cleaner and sterile seed cotton cleaning and recycling equipment are generally equipped, which obviously reduces the loss rate of clothing. According to the analysis of many years' processing statistics published by various places, the loss rate of high-grade cotton-padded clothes is small, while that of low-grade cotton-padded clothes is large. Different loss rates can be determined according to different grades in calculation.
Unit price of cottonseed: the cost of purchasing cottonseed and seed cotton together can be equal to or slightly higher than the purchase price after processing. Cotton ginning mills that need peeling will further lose cottonseed while peeling, but short hair income can make up for these losses. Therefore, when calculating the acquisition cost, these losses can generally be ignored, and only the 1% cottonseed loss caused by ginning can be considered.
Processing expenses: wages, equipment depreciation, electricity charges, packaging materials, etc. Among them, wages, electricity charges and packaging fees each account for about 1/3. The situation varies from place to place. In the past, the national average was 480-520 yuan/ton, but now it varies greatly from place to place, generally between 350-750 yuan, and even higher in some areas.