There are problems with China’s agriculture. Agriculture is the number one issue concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers. However, in recent years, with the upsurge of social attention to rural issues, rural areas and farmers' issues have been mentioned more frequently. Agriculture has no problems, but farmers have problems. This formulation reflects the relative neglect of agricultural development. As an important sector of the national economy, agriculture, the primary industry, has achieved a historic transformation from long-term shortage to abundant harvest after my country's reform and opening up. However, in the face of fierce international market competition, China's agriculture remains weak. Without a fundamental turnaround, the industrial and competitive aspects of agriculture are often replaced by the social aspects of rural issues. Relevant experts pointed out that to solve the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, we must not only shrink the agricultural population and liberate more productivity from the land, but also strengthen agriculture, ensure self-sufficiency of major agricultural products such as grain, and continuously improve the comprehensive competitiveness of China's agricultural products. In fact, last year's food shortage has exposed problems in China's agriculture. Ding Li, deputy director of the Agricultural Industrialization Office of the Ministry of Agriculture, hit the nail on the head. Last year, more than 7 million tons of grain, millions of tons of cotton, hundreds of thousands of tons of milk powder, soybean oil and natural rubber were imported. A large number of agricultural products, especially land-intensive agricultural products, were imported across the board, which shows that agricultural problems have not been solved. Not only is the quality not good, the quantity is not good either. On the other hand, structural surplus of agricultural products also exists prominently. In addition to the low price of Chinese cabbage, which hurt farmers, there was also overproduction of milk in 2004. The reason why X is hurting farmers is mainly caused by the fluctuation of agricultural product prices. The impact of agricultural product price fluctuations is not limited to agriculture, but will also exacerbate instability in urban society. During the migrant worker shortage in the second half of last year, one of the reasons ignored by the public was that urban prices were rising rapidly, which migrant workers could not afford. As food prices in rural areas increased, families earned more money, resulting in a rare return of migrant workers. Ding Li said that in addition, there is a common urban poor group in my country's cities. The total number of people living at the bottom of the city is huge. The consumption of agricultural products accounts for a large proportion of their living expenses. The price fluctuations of agricultural products have also made the lives of this low-income group even worse. . Market competition gave rise to six modernizations in agriculture. During the 2004 milk scandal and low-priced vegetables that hurt farmers, farmers engaged in the production of fresh agricultural products were choked by market risks again and again. In an economic environment regulated by an invisible hand, how far has China's agriculture gone to the market? For thousands of years, China's farmers have been dispersed, and their only connection with the market is the rural market. After my country established the goal of reforming the socialist market economic system in 1992, Shandong and other places took the lead in proposing the concept of industrialized agricultural management, operating agriculture, and commercial agriculture, which gradually became popular in the hearts of the Chinese people. Experts in the industry believe that my country's agriculture has undergone earth-shaking changes characterized by six modernizations: Marketization--agriculture has transformed from the past from the fields to the fields, to contract agriculture, and even uses futures market information to guide agricultural production; Industrialization-- -The chain of agricultural planting (breeding), processing, and sales continues to lengthen, and small production and the large market are gradually getting closer; Modernization---In the production process, the rise of agricultural science and technology has enabled the agricultural production method to develop from nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the past to trace elements ; In the sales management link, the business methods of industrial and commercial enterprises have been grafted with agricultural production again and again; Informatization--from waiting for the harvest in the past to knowing agricultural conditions online and asking for sales hotlines; Standardization---a large number of enterprises have passed ISO9000 , ISO14000, HACCP certification, knocking on the door of the picky European and American markets; Organization---in the private sector, a new round of cooperative movement is rising. Professional cooperatives organized by farmers voluntarily not only replace farmers' numbered market Pulse also provides a series of services including financing and technical support. For every US dollar of agricultural products exported, farmers can earn about 1 yuan in income. As Chinese agricultural products are on the dining tables of more and more countries, the increasingly competitive competitiveness of Chinese agriculture has attracted the attention of the international market. Although China's agricultural exports account for only 6% of agricultural output value, it has also caused tension among foreign farmers. Some Japanese and Korean farmers even asked Chinese agricultural experts who went on inspection: Can you leave us a job? Agricultural development cannot be left to the market blindly. Looking at the integration process of the domestic agricultural product market and the international agricultural product market, the current situation of relatively low competitiveness of China's agricultural products has not changed, and the journey to the sixth agricultural modernization is far from complete. Zhang Hongyu, deputy director of the Department of Industrial Policy and Regulations of the Ministry of Agriculture, said that there are still four major gaps between China's agricultural development and market competition needs: First, there is a gap between the variety structure and quality of agricultural products and the market's demand for diversified and high-quality consumption. Second, there is a gap between China's agricultural labor productivity and the international average level. Third, there is still a gap between the quality of China's agricultural products and developed countries. Fourth, there is a gap between China's agricultural products and developed countries in the degree of processing and transformation and profit margins. Looking back at China's agricultural development, Ding Li believes that two weak links have not yet been qualitatively improved in solving the problem of connecting small farmers with the complex large market. One is government information services, and the other is immature circulation links. The development of China's agricultural product circulation system is still very backward. There are no large distributors and no professional segmentation, so farmers’ products are still at the lowest end of the market. Foreign agricultural products are sent directly to supermarkets in China, while products exported from China cannot be directly put on the shelves. As a result, China's agricultural products will not make money.

Many local governments have not put much effort into serving farmers. Ding Li told reporters that he saw a kind of high-quality Chinese cabbage produced locally in Xinmin City, Liaoning Province, which was sold locally for only a few cents per catty. Shanghainese with business minds simply packaged it and sold it for 1.5 yuan in the Shanghai market. One pound. If the government starts from the circulation link, organizes cooperatives to help farmers make a thrilling leap to the market, or provides farmers with market information services, the situation will be greatly improved. It is worth learning from the fact that in Sheyang County, Jiangsu, in order to develop the specialty industry of garlic sprouts, the government has tried every means to attract investment. Local garlic sprout sellers put a business card in every product bag. After receiving the goods at night, out-of-town buyers will I opened the bag and used a flashlight to look for the business card to see who was selling it. I felt relieved when I saw a familiar name. The agricultural and rural public service system is in urgent need of reconstruction. Today, more than 20 years after reform and opening up, most farmers are still fighting alone in the face of market risks. Forecasts and dynamic releases of crop area information are still scarce. Farmers arrange planting varieties and areas. It will still rain today and open umbrellas tomorrow. Ding Li, deputy director of the Agricultural Industrialization Office of the Ministry of Agriculture, pointed out that the government has fallen into a misunderstanding in terms of agricultural development, which is to leave all the public services it should provide to the market on the grounds of avoiding administrative intervention. How can the government better serve agriculture, rural areas and farmers and agricultural development? Chi Fulin, president of the China Academy of Reform and Development, believes that based on my country's national conditions, a complete set of agricultural public service systems that meet the needs of market competition should be built as soon as possible. This is also one of the main goals of government transformation. This system should include: helping farmers develop high-quality, special agriculture, eliminating bulk agricultural products that have poor market sales and low profits; building an unobstructed, efficient and real-time information platform for farmers; increasing investment in agricultural infrastructure, and Agricultural products with good market prospects should strengthen policy support to form advantageous industrial areas and belts; support leading enterprises with strong driving effects to promote the formation of a complete industrial chain; establish a complete set of risk protection systems to protect farmers from market risks. reveal all the details. Agricultural experts such as Qin Qingwu, director of the China Agricultural Economics Society, suggested that the formulation of the Cooperative Economic Organization Law should be accelerated, and rural cooperative economic organizations should be given policy and legal support, so that leading agricultural enterprises with strong risk resistance capabilities can drive farmers through contracting and intensive operations. Enter the market and adapt to the market. Looking at the going global of agricultural products from the perspective of trade deficit Zhu Ming, director of the Planning and Design Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture In the global village, China's labor-intensive agricultural products have obvious comparative advantages. But how can we deliver Chinese agricultural products to the tables of people in other countries and translate our advantages into international orders? This puts forward realistic requirements for my country to accelerate agricultural modernization and improve the international competitiveness of agricultural products. In 2004, my country experienced a trade deficit in agricultural products, which means that in the third year after joining the WTO, my country has transformed from a net exporter of agricultural products to a net importer of agricultural products. According to customs statistical analysis in the first 11 months of 2004, the growth rate of my country's agricultural imports greatly exceeded the growth rate of exports. The agricultural trade trade turned from a surplus of US$1.94 billion in the same period of 2003 to a deficit of US$5.18 billion. Taking the entire year as a whole, my country's agricultural trade deficit may reach as high as 5.5 billion US dollars in 2004. Looking back on China's three years since its accession to the WTO, two phenomena that people expected have not appeared. First, foreign automobiles and other products have entered China on a large scale; second, China's labor-intensive agricultural products have been exported overseas on a large scale. In the international market, my country's agricultural products have good international competitiveness, such as horticulture, livestock and poultry products, aquatic products, etc. However, from the perspective of export performance, except for vegetables, which increased slightly, exports of other agricultural products did not advance but retreated. Why has China's agricultural exports failed to maintain strong growth momentum? On the surface, it is the various non-tariff barriers set up by other countries in poultry and animal imports that have become an important obstacle to Chinese-related products. However, the underlying reason is that my country has not yet realized the fundamental transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, and the international competitiveness of agricultural products has not been fundamentally improved. Just like the export of automobiles, it is not just about placing the cars in foreign consumer markets and reaping the benefits, the export of agricultural products is far from being as simple as placing agricultural products in foreign supermarkets. In the international market, my country's agricultural products face double pressure: in terms of production methods, my country's agricultural industrialization is low, agricultural labor productivity is low, and the production costs and prices of agricultural products are high. According to statistics, labor costs account for 35% to 53% of the production costs of major crops such as rice, wheat, corn, soybeans, rapeseed, and cotton in my country in recent years, with an average of 45%. However, the labor costs of agricultural products in developed countries are less than 10%. %. In terms of product quality, the degree of standardization of my country's agricultural products is low, product quality is not high, and agricultural product safety issues are prominent. In addition, the proportion of agricultural products that have undergone secondary processing in developed countries reaches more than 80%, while in my country it is only about 20%. At present, my country's agriculture and rural economy are increasingly interconnected with the world economy. Agriculture is at a transition point from extensive management to intensive management, and from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. The basic connotation of agricultural modernization is to use modern industry to equip agriculture, use modern management methods to guide agriculture, realize specialization, commercialization, and socialized production of agriculture, and realize the scientific development and rational utilization of resources. In the process of modern agricultural construction, whether agricultural engineering technology can play a good role is the key and breakthrough for agricultural modernization.

In some developed countries, modern agriculture is also called engineered agriculture. The American Academy of Engineering rated agricultural mechanization as one of the ten most outstanding engineering and technological achievements of the 20th century because it changed the entire face of agriculture and even society. As an integral part of agricultural science and technology, once agricultural engineering technology is closely integrated with agricultural biotechnology, agricultural economics and management technology, it will bring about tremendous changes in the face of agriculture. For example, factory farming in the Netherlands, water-saving irrigation agriculture in Israel, and large-scale agriculture in the United States are all examples of the perfect combination of these three technologies. Accelerating the innovation and application of agricultural engineering science and technology is the only way for my country's agriculture to rapidly improve its international competitiveness. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, a number of agricultural engineering technology research topics were listed as national key research topics. my country's facility horticulture cultivation area has exceeded 2.1 million hectares, and the total area ranks first in the world. Facility cultivation technology, represented by vegetable cultivation, is developing rapidly in the north. One-third of the vegetables eaten by Chinese people are greenhouse vegetables. The application of 3S technology and computer intelligent system core technology has created a new era of agricultural information technology. Use remote sensing, geographic information systems and databases to monitor agricultural resources, and make objective assessments of changes in cultivated land area, crop area layout, growth conditions and agricultural natural disasters across the country at any time, which can provide timely and accurate information for the country's macro-decisions on agriculture. reference basis. However, our country has not yet realized the transformation from a large facility agriculture country to a powerful country. my country's agricultural product trade deficit in 2004 is a strong signal. It warns us that it is urgent to accelerate China's agricultural modernization and turn the spark of China's agricultural engineering application into a prairie fire as soon as possible.

References: Nongbo.com