Refers to the fund set up by the exchange to provide financial guarantee for maintaining the normal operation of the futures market and make up for the losses caused by unforeseeable risks of the exchange.

2. What is risk reserve?

Risk reserve refers to the member transaction fees charged by the futures exchange itself.

Withdraw a certain proportion of funds,

As a reserve to ensure the performance of the exchange guarantee.

Risk reserves must be accounted for separately and stored in special accounts.

It shall not be used for other purposes except to make up for the risk loss.

Three, what is the enterprise risk reserve?

Question 1: the difference between operating risk reserve and provident fund. Risk reserve refers to the funds that provide financial guarantee for the normal operation of the market and make up for the losses caused by unforeseeable risks of the exchange.

Provident fund is the amount of funds reserved by the company outside the capital. According to whether the retention of provident fund is legally mandatory, provident fund can be divided into statutory provident fund, which refers to the long-term housing savings paid by state organs, state-owned enterprises, urban collective enterprises, foreign-invested enterprises, urban private enterprises and other urban enterprises, institutions and their employees.

Question 2: Which enterprises do the general wind power industry need to extract?

Generally speaking, the ratio depends on the industry risk and generally does not exceed 15%.

For example, in high-risk industries such as construction industry and coal industry, a certain risk reserve should be drawn.

Borrow: management expenses (engineering construction, manufacturing expenses and other subjects)

Loan: other payables-risk reserve.

.

Question 3: What is risk reserve? The guarantee institution may withdraw the "risk reserve" according to a certain proportion of the profits after not exceeding the balance of guarantee liability at the end of the current year (referring to the balance of guarantee at the end of the year and the annual guarantee amount as the basis for accrual) for guarantee payment. When the "risk reserve" reaches 10% of the guarantee balance, the difference shall be withdrawn. Therefore, the liability reserve is accrued before tax; The risk reserve is drawn according to the after-tax profit.

Risk reserve

(1) shall be accrued according to 1% of the balance under insurance at the end of the year.

Debit: Operating expenses-unearned liability reserve

Loans: Unexpired liabilities

(2) According to the year-end net profit.

Borrow: profit distribution-wind

Loan: general risk reserve

supplementary question

Is it withdrawn at the end of the year or by the pen?

Withdraw at the end of the year.

Question 4: Who decides the general risk reserve refers to the risk reserve drawn from the net profit by financial enterprises engaged in securities business to make up for losses.

General risk reserve is accrued at 10% of net profit. General risk reserve can only be used to cover losses.

(20071October 12 Ji Zi [2007] No.65438 +0)

In order to standardize the establishment of fund management companies and clarify related matters, the following supplementary provisions are made, please follow them.

1. The "risk reserve" in the Notice on Issues Concerning the Withdrawal of Risk Reserve by Fund Management Companies (J.J. Zi [2006] 154, hereinafter referred to as the Notice) refers to the general risk reserve used to make up for unidentified possible losses, which should be distinguished from the special risk reserve with specific purposes or users.

Two. The general risk reserve shall be withdrawn from the month when the notice is issued. When the balance reaches 65,438+0% of the total net assets of open and closed securities investment funds managed by the fund management company, it shall not be withdrawn. The custodian bank takes the net asset value of each securities investment fund under custody as the withdrawal base, and may not withdraw when the balance exceeds 1%.

Three. If the fund management company has withdrawn the general risk reserve according to the management fee income before the Notice comes into effect, it may choose to continue to implement the higher withdrawal standard or the requirements of the Notice.

Four, the general risk reserve extracted from the fund management fee should be unified in the general risk reserve account, unified management, unified use. The use of general risk reserve does not distinguish the extraction source of general risk reserve. As a unified general risk reserve of the company, it serves all open-end and closed-end securities investment funds managed by fund management companies.

5. The funds in the special account for general risk reserve and the securities and related income invested and held by general risk reserve belong to the company's inherent assets, and the use purpose is limited. The after-tax investment income belongs to general risk reserve assets.

6. If the general risk reserve drawn in previous years is treated as liabilities or rights and interests, the balance shall be transferred to the special account for general risk reserve according to these regulations, and the balance shall be transferred to "general risk reserve" as the owner's rights and interests of the company in this year.

Seven, the general risk reserve expenditure from operating expenses, included in the actual loss, the cumulative excess of the risk reserve balance by the fund management company with other own property to make up. When calculating enterprise income tax, the company should make necessary tax adjustments according to the requirements of the current tax law and the nature of specific risk items used for general risk preparation.

Eight, for general risk preparation, in addition to special requirements, the fund management company shall implement the following financial management regulations:

(1) Withdrawal of general risk reserve

Management fee income is fully accounted for in accordance with the proportion agreed in the fund contract and included in the company's management fee income. The general risk reserve is drawn monthly according to the requirements of the Notice according to a certain proportion of management fee income, and the company instructs the custodian bank to transfer the drawn general risk reserve to the special account for general risk reserve. The general risk reserve drawn by the company is used as profit distribution and is not included in the expenses. General risk preparation is an integral part of the company's owner's equity.

(two) the use and payment of general risk reserve

When using the general risk reserve, the company should reduce the general risk reserve, increase the company's "profit distribution-undistributed profit" accordingly, and transfer the funds from the general risk reserve account to the company's own fund bank deposit account.

Risk losses caused by the fund management company's own reasons shall be investigated for the responsibility of the parties concerned in accordance with relevant regulations. If the amount that the parties should bear needs to be paid by the fund management company with general risk, it shall be recorded as "other receivables"; The part that should be borne by the fund management company is charged from the operating expenses, and the part that should be borne by the company is charged separately under the operating expenses as "general risk reserve expenditure".

When the party concerned returns the prepayment amount of the company, it will write off other receivables of the company according to the returned amount.

When the company advances the funds borne by both parties with the general risk reserve, but both parties are unable to repay the funds advanced by the company, the company should supplement the general risk reserve with its own funds and transfer the corresponding funds from the bank deposit account with its own funds to the special account for the general risk reserve.

For the advance payment that is difficult to recover, provision for bad debts and write-off shall be made according to relevant principles.

(iii) Return to general risk reserve

The company can transfer back the general risk reserve within the withdrawal range, and correspondingly transfer back the deposit balance in the special account for general risk reserve, but the transferred general risk reserve balance ..... >>

Question 5: What is risk reserve? How to withdraw risk reserve? Risk reserve extraction method

(a) from the after-tax profits.

(2) It shall be distributed by the controlling shareholder from the executive compensation and bonus.

(3) Funds from issuance or allotment.

(four) from the risk reserve investment income.

(5) from operating income.

Limitations of risk reserve

First of all, the accrual ratio is unscientific. The occupational risk fund is drawn according to the proportion of 10% of the accounting firm's operating income, and the top is not capped, which leads to higher and higher book value, which is not conducive to the firm's use of funds and seriously affects shareholders' dividends.

Secondly, due to the supervision mode of the Institute of Certified Public Accountants, some accounting firms have made false reports, omitted reports, failed to mention or use them for other purposes, and privately divided profits, so the fund management actually exists in name only.

In addition, there are regional tax differences on whether to deduct the professional risk fund as expenses, which is not conducive to the fair competition and healthy development of accounting firms in different regions.

Under the limitation of these system defects, it is difficult for professional risk funds to form the backbone of risk prevention in accounting firms.

Therefore, the implementation of occupational risk fund should be combined with other financing methods such as providing liability insurance.

Risk reserve

Taking the Exchange as an example, its risk reserve system is stipulated as follows:

The sources of risk reserve include: ① 20% of transaction fee income (including preferential relief for members) drawn by the exchange from management fees; (two) other income that meets the requirements of the national financial policy.

When the balance of risk reserve reaches 10 times of the registered capital of the exchange, it may not be withdrawn after approval by China.

Risk reserve must be accounted for separately and stored in a special account, and shall not be used for other purposes except to make up for risk losses.

Question 6: What kind of accounting subjects does general preparation belong to? Owners' equity is mainly the general risk reserve drawn by financial enterprises from net profit according to regulations.

Question 7: How to calculate the compensation reserve and risk reserve of guarantee enterprises? The Notice of State Taxation Administration of The People's Republic of China of the Ministry of Finance on Pre-tax Deduction of Reserves of SME Credit Guarantee Institutions (Caishui [2007] No.27) stipulates that SME credit guarantee institutions may accrue guarantee compensation at a ratio not exceeding 65,438+0% of the balance of guarantee liabilities at the end of the current year, allowing pre-tax deduction of enterprise income tax. The credit guarantee institutions of small and medium-sized enterprises can accrue the unearned liabilities according to the proportion of 50% of the guarantee fee income in the current year, and are allowed to deduct them before the enterprise income tax. The unearned liability reserve is accrued according to the difference of annual guarantee fee income, and the part of the reserve exceeding 50% of annual guarantee fee income is converted into current income. The compensation losses actually incurred by the credit guarantee institutions of small and medium-sized enterprises are offset by the guarantee compensation reserve deducted before tax and the general risk reserve extracted from the after-tax profits in turn, and the insufficient offset is deducted before tax according to the actual enterprise income tax. The above provisions shall be implemented as of June 65438+ 10/day, 2007.

Question 8: How to extract the unearned liability reserve, guarantee compensation reserve and general risk reserve of the guarantee company? 1. What does "the balance of guarantee liability at the end of the current year" mean? Is it the accumulated guarantee balance over the years?

Answer: Yes.

2. What does it mean to transfer the balance of the guarantee compensation reserve accrued in the previous year to the current income? If the balance sheet at the beginning of the year is 6,543,800 yuan+0.2 million yuan, does it mean that 6,543,800 yuan+0.2 million yuan will be transferred to income?

Answer: Yes.

What does it mean that the balance of unearned liability reserve accrued in the previous year is converted into current income? If the balance sheet at the beginning of the year is 300,000, does it mean that 300,000 will be transferred to income?

Answer: Yes.

Also, what is the extraction ratio of the general risk reserve of the guarantee company? Is it based on net profit?

A: The general risk reserve of the guarantee company is drawn according to 10% of the after-tax profit.

Question 9: What accounts should be included in the withdrawal of enterprise risk funds? Excess function

Loans; general risk preparation

Question 10: Accounting treatment of general risk reserve 1. This course accounts for the general risk reserve drawn from the net profit by the enterprise (finance) according to the regulations. Two, the general risk reserve extracted by the enterprise, debit the "profit distribution-extraction of general risk reserve" subject, and credit this subject. When the general risk reserve is used to make up the losses, the account shall be debited and credited to the account of "Profit Distribution-General Risk Reserve to Make Up the Losses". Three, the final credit balance of this course, reflecting the general risk preparation of enterprises.

4. What is the risk reserve of ABC?

Risk reserve refers to the funds set up by the exchange to maintain the normal operation of the futures market and make up for the losses caused by unforeseeable risks of the exchange.