Kaiyuan Bao Tong, which was in circulation in the Tang Dynasty, was generally made of copper, with a lot of money and uneven. The interior is extremely thin, round and square.
In addition to Bao Tong in the early Tang Dynasty, Bao Tong in the early Tang Dynasty was also cast with gold, silver and kaiyuan. Among them, there were more silver handed down from generation to generation, and Jin Kaiyuan was less. These two precious metal coins are only for the royal reward and are not put into circulation. There are also materials such as hawksbill, iron and lead.
There are many versions of Kaiyuan Bao Tong, which can be divided into three periods: early, middle and late.
Kaiyuan in the early Tang Dynasty has a fine outline and delicate writing style. In the middle period, there are many decorations such as stars and the moon on the back of money. In the later period, the appearance was wide, the copper material was not refined, and the coins were rough, represented by "Huichang Kaiyuan".
On the back of Kaiyuan coins and other Tang coins, some have a prominent dot, some have one or several curved convex coins, and some even have the imprint of floating clouds. This kind of convex coin is called "Star Moon Pattern" in numerology.
The star pattern on the back of the money is placed on the star pattern, on the star pattern. The curved part of the moon pattern is called leaning on the moon, the bent part is called leaning on the moon, and the side part is called the side moon. There is no clear record about the moon pattern and floating clouds of Kaiyuan Money in the history books, leaving people with endless reverie.
In addition, Kaiyuan Bao Tong also has the distinction of "Yuan", including left hand, right hand and both hands. The original cast Kaiyuan Qian Yuan character was not selected, but it was cast in the Wude period, and the Yuan character appeared to the left. Right-handed coins should be cast in Zhenguan period and later; The number of double-hook coins is very small. It should be a commemorative coin of the Gaozong era, which was cast in the event of a major event.
After Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, there were still cases of picking pens, but it was difficult to distinguish them because of their different copper, weight and profile.
At the same time as Kaiyuan Bao Tong, other currencies such as Ganfeng Quanbao, Huichang Kaiyuan and Feiqian were issued.
After Tang Gaozong and Li Zhi acceded to the throne, when Wu Zetian participated in governing the country, an unprecedented Zen ceremony was held in Taishan, with hundreds of kilometers of participants, which was absolutely unheard of in the history of our country. In the same year, the official seal was changed to Yuan Dynasty, and a "Double Beam Monument" was set up in Taishan, aiming at creating a world with Emperors Wu Zetian and Emperor Gaozong.
Some people think that meditation activities cost too much, and the court wants to make up for the deficit by casting big money. Therefore, the court ordered the casting of Ganfeng with full guarantee money to replace Kaiyuan Bao Tong.
This time, we not only made a lot of money, but also revised the monetary system and even changed the name of the currency. In order to ensure the circulation of new currency, Tang Gaozong also banned private casting, and offenders were sentenced to death.
However, after the new money came out, the merchants refused to use it and could not circulate at all. The following year, I had to write to abolish this large sum of money and tell the world that Kaiyuan Bao Tong was a "law for all generations" and would not carry out monetary reform in the future. After the circulation of Ganfeng Quanbao is prohibited, it still has the function of storing value and can be exchanged.
When the "An Shi Rebellion" broke out in the Tang Dynasty, in order to raise military expenses and fill the fiscal deficit, according to the suggestion of Yu Shicheng and the Fifth Qi of the History of Coin Casting, dry ingots were made, but Kaiyuan still passed.
In 758 AD, Gan Yuan's insurance policy was promulgated. Gan Yuan Chongbao Money has a diameter of 2.6 cm to 3 cm and weighs about 6 g to 10 g, with a hanging weight of 10 kg. Qian Wen is an official script. If you read it directly, the word "begging" of the word "dry" becomes a fishhook. The editions are divided into narrow side, wide side, bare back, back star, moon, auspicious cloud, sparrow, back ten, back flood and so on. , and with Kaiyuan Bao Tong in accordance with the price ratio of one to ten parallel circulation.
Under the heavy pressure of the court's financial expenditure, the Tang Dynasty issued a huge sum of 50 yuan with dry yuan and heavy treasure, and the foreign country on the back of the money was a heavy wheel, commonly known as heavy wheel dry yuan money. This banknote is about 3.6 cm long and weighs about 20 grams, each with a weight of 20 Jin, but the price of Kaiyuan Bao Tong is 50 Liang.
In this way, the heavy ship of dry yuan money and the heavy treasure of dry yuan, the parallel circulation of Kaiyuan, Bao Tong and San Qian was only half a year, and the market was already chaotic. The fifth Qi, a wealth manager, was demoted because of the soaring prices caused by the monetary weight loss policy. Ada, a doctor and consultant in Du Zhi, inherited the history of minting money in the fifth generation of Qi. After he took office, he immediately turned to the new monetary policy, paid attention to adjusting Kaiyuan Bao Tong, and re-launched Qian Yuan.
After Tang Daizong Li Yu succeeded to the throne, Ada, the history of coinage, further devalued the legal value of dry yuan and reunited dry yuan money to be lower than their actual value, making these two kinds of dry yuan money become good money, and consciously used the law of bad money to expel good money and force it to withdraw from the circulation field, thus restoring the normal circulation system of Kaiyuan Bao Tong money and receiving the effect of unified currency system, which is of typical significance in the history of currency.
When Tang Wuzong Li Yan succeeded to the throne, Buddhism flourished and there were many temples. The bronze wares of the imperial court were put into the temple and became the property of the temple, which was divorced from the normal social production and other economic life. The situation of casting money without copper couldn't stand any longer, so an idea of destroying Buddha and casting money gradually formed in Tang Wuzong's mind.
In 845, Tang Wuzong decisively ordered the destruction of Buddha and the casting of money. Secularize monks, confiscate temples and fertile fields, and send monks and nuns back to their original places to engage in production. The Buddha statues in the temple, monks and nuns' alms bowls and other utensils were smashed and turned into copper coins.
At that time, Yangzhou took the lead in casting Kaiyuan Bao Tong Qianjin City, with the word "Chang" on the back. The court ordered all localities to copy the statues and add the names of their respective States on the back of the money for inspection. Bao Tong, the Kaiyuan city that remembers this place name, is commonly known as "Huichang Kaiyuan".
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the wealth in Huichang increased, the currency circulated smoothly, and the people's production and life were stable, which gradually won the support of most people. Destroying Buddha and casting money also made Tang Wuzong a wise monarch in history.
Later, due to the limited number of court coins, flying money appeared everywhere. Flying money, also known as "easy exchange", is to write down the amount of money with a piece of paper coupon, stamp it, divide it into two halves, each side holds half, and send it to the destination at a fast speed. If the paper vouchers held by both parties are consistent and checked correctly, they will get cash.
This method is the beginning of China's foreign exchange business and the first in the world. This method had a far-reaching influence on the appearance of Jiaozi in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Flying money became an important system of currency circulation in the late Tang Dynasty. This new circulation mode has made great contributions to the development of financial industry in later generations.
Hongwu Bao Tong's money