The four-level classification of enterprise management process summarized by the author in enterprise consulting practice has been highly recognized by the person in charge of the enterprise, and the practical application effect is good, which is simple and practical as a process combing method. Therefore, this book introduces the process according to the four-level classification of enterprise management process.
The first-level management process is organizational structure, that is, strategic decomposition or division of management functions; The second-level management process is post setting, so that the management function can find the bearing point; The three-level management process is the division of responsibilities of the main affairs of the enterprise, and the four-level management process is the specific activities around the affairs.
How to determine the three-level process name of an enterprise? The most concise and effective method is to extract or subdivide from the first-level process, that is, the organizational structure. The organizational structure usually ranges from the chairman and general manager to various departments or subsidiaries and branches, that is, the enterprise strategy is decomposed into units or departments. A standardized organizational structure should divide the functions of various departments or units. The three-level process name comes from the department function, and each department function is a three-level process name. For example, the supervision and audit department has three functions: supervision and management, audit management and duty crime prevention and management. Depending on the size of the enterprise, the financial department may have the functions of fund management, asset management, budget management, accounting management, tax management, financing management and investment management. Well-known human resources department has the functions of talent planning management, recruitment management, training management, performance management, salary management, employee relationship management, promotion management, emotion management, vision management, community activity management and so on. These management functions are the three-level process names of enterprises.
When the scale is large and the management is standardized, there will be more names of three-level processes, and vice versa. If the purchasing management process is a three-level process name. Are there large enterprises or enterprises with standardized management? Does the purchasing management system work? It can be divided into three processes: procurement negotiation management process, procurement performance management process, supplier management process and outsourcing management process, or commodity procurement management process, equipment procurement management process and information equipment procurement management process. Similarly, the financial management system of small-scale enterprises may only have three-level processes, right? Financial management process? .
The functional division in the organizational structure of the first-level process also provides a direct basis for the post setting of the second-level process. Enterprises directly add various functions according to their own scale or nature? Manager? Or? Minister? 、? Supervisor? 、? Commissioner? , its post setting is corresponding to the organizational structure. It can be seen that the first, second and third processes of an enterprise are closely linked and indispensable.
The relationship between the four-level process and the three-level process is closer. Each three-level process can be subdivided into multiple four-level processes, and each four-level process can find its source from the three-level flow chart.
We also take the procurement management process as an example to illustrate. Procurement management includes the establishment of procurement system or standard, procurement market investigation, supplier selection, procurement contract signing, procurement plan confirmation, purchase order issuance, procurement delivery and settlement, regular summary of procurement work, supplier cooperation evaluation or management, etc. Every key point in the three-level flowchart of purchasing management is described as a four-level flowchart. Then the names of the four-level flow chart include market survey flow chart, supplier screening flow chart, purchase contract signing flow chart, purchase plan confirmation flow chart, purchase order confirmation flow chart, purchase settlement flow chart, supplier rating flow chart, supplier file management flow chart, supplier default processing flow chart and so on.
Because every three-level flow chart has links about system formulation and approval, enterprises can put? System management system? Set it as a three-level flow chart? System management flow chart, followed by system formulation, system countersignature, system approval, system release, system modification, system abolition, etc. They are respectively identified as the names of the four-level flow charts.
The number of three-level and four-level flow charts of an enterprise depends on the scale and nature of the enterprise.
Process is the channel to realize strategy. After the enterprise strategy is determined, the goal decomposition and task allocation will be carried out. The process of goal decomposition to departments and task decomposition to posts is a process, and the process of each post cooperating with each other to complete the task is also a process. The goal decomposition produces the organizational structure (first-level process), the work assignment produces the post setting (second-level process), and the work connection between the posts produces the three-level and four-level processes of the enterprise. The three-level process is the management responsibility of the basic affairs of enterprise organization and operation. The logical division and how to do the specific work is the four-level process. The strategy is realized through the gradual subdivision of the process.
So can the existing process of the enterprise ensure the strategic landing? Is it concise and effective? How to judge? The standard can only be the degree of relevance to the enterprise strategy. The process that deviates from the strategy is invalid, the process that deviates from the strategic goal is inefficient, and only the process that follows the strategic goal can become an efficient process. No matter whether the enterprise has carried out process design or not, the process of doing things in the enterprise is objective. The existing process of an enterprise is bound to be influenced by the internal and external environment of the enterprise and the quality of employees at that time. Whether it adapts to today's changed reality needs to be judged and improved through process combing and analysis. So we can say that process analysis is a panoramic scan of the way enterprises do things, and it can also be said that it is a slow-motion review. To sort out the existing process of an enterprise, for process management experts, it is to scan the enterprise with CT, and it is clear at a glance where the lesions and obstructions are. Learning this method by enterprise managers will certainly be of great benefit to improving the management level of enterprises.
The preliminary result of process analysis is to sort out the enterprise process directory system and present the enterprise three-level process directory and four-level process directory one by one. The problems found in process carding are the key points to be solved in enterprise process optimization.