Exotic Plant with Strong Vitality-"Fake Sorghum": There are a batch of soybeans in Chiwan Port, Shekou, China. These soybeans came from Argentina and were purchased by an oil factory in Shantou from a futures company in Germany. Soybeans are mixed with something similar to black sesame. The inspectors of Shekou Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau said that this kind of thing similar to "black sesame" is the seed of "fake sorghum" with strong vitality. "Fake sorghum" looks like sorghum, but its stems and seeds contain a small amount of cyanide. This plant has great vitality. If there is fake sorghum in the crop field, the crop yield will be reduced by about 20%. Not only that, the root penetration of fake sorghum is very strong. The root system of a fake sorghum can add up to 1 km long. If it grows on the dam, it will also pose a great threat to the safety of the dam. Therefore, once the fake sorghum grows on the ground, it is difficult to eliminate it.
Characteristics of invasive plants: One of the biggest characteristics of invasive plants is that after entering a new environment, their viability is very strong, robbing the living space and nutrients of other creatures around them. Water peanuts can reduce rice yield by 45%. In Guangdong, Mikania micrantha often covers bananas, lychees, longan, wild oranges and some shrubs and trees, which makes it difficult for these plants to carry out normal photosynthesis and die. In Caohai Lake, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, there used to be 16 kinds of local higher plants, but with the rampant growth of water hyacinth, most local aquatic plants such as seaweed lost their living space and died. At present, there are only three local higher plants left in Caohai Lake.
In addition, invasive plants themselves may carry toxins, which will bring unexpected diseases to local animals and plants. For example, Eupatorium adenophorum contains toxins that can cause asthma in horses and sheep. Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province once lost more than 60,000 sheep a year due to the invasion of Eupatorium adenophorum, and the loss of animal husbandry reached 2 1 more than 10,000 yuan. Eupatorium adenophorum has a strong ability to absorb soil fertility, which can greatly exhaust soil nutrients and destroy soil fertility.
Threatening the traditional life of human beings: invasive plants are not easy to eradicate, and the cost of eradication is also high. For example, in Guangdong, Yunnan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shanghai and other provinces and cities in China, water hyacinth is salvaged manually every year. The cost of salvaging water hyacinth in Shanghai exceeds 60 million yuan a year, and the economic losses caused by water hyacinth in agricultural irrigation, grain transportation, aquaculture and tourism are even greater. In addition, alien invasive organisms will also pose a direct threat to human health. Every time ragweed blooms, allergic people will have asthma, sneezing, runny nose and other symptoms, and weak people will have other complications, leading to death. The "hay fever" caused by ragweed has brought trouble to people in many countries in the world.
The harm of invasive plants does not stop there. There are special animal and plant resources and unique ecosystems around the Dai, Miao and Buyi communities in China. These natural resources play an important role in the formation of local national culture and lifestyle. However, due to the continuous expansion of invasive plants such as Eupatorium odoratum, which gradually replaced the local plant resources, many traditional crops gradually disappeared and the ancient lifestyle was being forced to change.
How do exotic plants enter the "native circle": there are three main ways for exotic harmful plants to invade: one is through the diffusion of plants themselves or the introduction of natural forces; The second is to bring some harmful plants into China through trade and transportation. The above-mentioned fake sorghum seeds seen in Chiwan Port, Shekou, Shenzhen, entered in this way. In addition, some domestic institutions and individuals have consciously introduced some plants to develop agricultural production and beautify the landscape without knowing the harm. Among these plants, there are similar harmful plants.
From 1960s to 1980s, China introduced Spartina from Britain, the United States and other countries to protect beaches. In recent years, this plant has spread wildly in coastal areas, covering an increasing area. The wanton spread of Spartina not only destroyed the habitat of coastal organisms, but also suffocated many coastal cultured species. In addition, this plant also blocks the waterway and affects the ship's departure from the port; It hinders the flow of seawater, leading to the decline of water quality, causing red tides, competing with coastal plants for growth space, leading to the death of local plants and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to block the invasion channels of harmful plants from the source.