Carbon trading refers to trading quotas for carbon emissions, and only with quotas can carbon dioxide be emitted. Moreover, some companies may not have quotas or have insufficient quotas, so they can buy quotas in the carbon emission trading system, and some companies with good carbon emissions can trade quotas, so they can make money. The purpose of carbon trading is to control the total amount of carbon emissions through economic means, so as to achieve the effect of energy saving and emission reduction.
1. The futures market first appeared in Europe. As early as ancient Greece and Rome, there were central trading places, bulk barter transactions, and trading activities with the nature of futures trade. The original futures trading was developed from spot forward trading. The first modern futures exchange 1848 was established in Chicago, USA, and 1865 established a standard contract model. In 1990s, China Modern Futures Exchange came into being. There are four futures exchanges in China: Shanghai Futures Exchange, Dalian Commodity Exchange, Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange and China Financial Futures Exchange. The price changes of its listed futures products have a far-reaching impact on related industries at home and abroad.
2. The initial spot forward transaction is a verbal commitment by both parties to deliver a certain amount of goods at a certain time. Later, with the expansion of the scope of transactions, oral promises were gradually replaced by sales contracts. This kind of contract behavior is becoming more and more complicated, and it needs intermediary guarantee to supervise the timely delivery and payment of goods. So the Royal Exchange, the world's first commodity forward contract exchange, opened in London on 157 1. In order to adapt to the continuous development of commodity economy, improve transportation and storage conditions, and provide information for members, 1848, 82 businessmen initiated and organized the Chicago Board of Trade.
3. 185 1 year Chicago Board of Trade launched forward contracts; 1865, Chicago Grain Exchange introduced a standardized agreement called "futures contract" to replace the previous forward contract. This standardized contract allows manual contract trading, and gradually improves the margin system, thus forming a futures market specializing in standardized contract trading, and futures become investors' investment and financial management tools. 1882 exchange allows hedging to be exempted from performance obligations, which increases the liquidity of futures trading.