Author: Think about Mom (Senior Nutritionist)
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Before making a comparative analysis, make a special explanation of "milk" and "milk", because people often wonder about the difference between them. In fact, whether it is milk or milk, it means the same thing. Milk can also be said to be milk, and goat milk can also be said to be goat milk. Usually refers to the established address, without distinction.
Raw milk
Also known as raw milk, it is fresh milk that has not been sterilized, homogenized and filtered. Raw milk contains harmful bacteria and cannot be drunk directly. It must be boiled and disinfected before drinking. There is only a small amount of raw milk in bulk on the market. Raw milk is often used as the raw material of various liquid milk and formula milk powder.
Fresh milk and pure milk:
Standard definition: "The Notice on Strengthening the Label Management of Liquid Milk jointly issued by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and the Ministry of Agriculture stipulates that from June 5438+1 October1day, 2008, pasteurized milk with raw milk is fresh milk (milk); Ultra-high temperature sterilized milk is pure milk (milk) which takes fresh milk as raw material, without adding any auxiliary materials, and undergoes instantaneous high temperature sterilization (UHT).
Fresh milk is also called pasteurized milk. Pasteurization temperature is 85℃, and the temperature is low. It can kill bacteria and keep the nutritional activity of milk to the maximum extent. After the fresh milk without homogenization is boiled, the cream balls in the milk float and agglutinate, and the taste is rich and delicious. Because fresh milk does not add any nutritional fortifiers and additives (stabilizers, preservatives, emulsifiers), the shelf life of cold storage is generally about 7 days. Fresh milk is also often used as raw material for pure milk and formula milk powder.
Pure milk belongs to normal temperature milk, which is ultra-high temperature sterilized milk after instantaneous high temperature sterilization (UHT). This kind of milk can be stored at room temperature. The temperature of this sterilization treatment method is at least 132, which can kill all microorganisms in milk, with great loss of nutrients, among which vitamin B, vitamin E and vitamin A are almost completely destroyed, and calcium is also combined with casein at high temperature, which is not easily absorbed by human body; After homogenization and high temperature treatment, the flavor of pure milk decreased, slightly astringent, and the taste was not as good as fresh milk. However, pure milk is completely sterilized and can be stored at room temperature for up to 6 months.
From a nutritional point of view, fresh milk is slightly better than pure milk. However, the pasteurization of fresh milk is not complete. If you want to give it to your baby, you need to boil it first.
In the ingredient list of formula milk powder, in addition to raw milk and fresh milk, there are whole milk powder, skim milk powder and milk solids. How do you distinguish these?
whole milk powder
Full-fat milk powder refers to milk powder made from full-fat raw milk through filtration, sterilization and spray drying. The original nutrients in milk are basically retained, and some vitamins will be lost during spray drying. Protein is not less than 24%, fat is not less than 26%, and lactose is not less than 37%. Commonly used as the main raw material of infant formula milk powder.
Skim milk and skim milk powder
The milk obtained by separating fat from whole milk with a skimming centrifuge is called skimmed milk. After spray drying, skim milk powder was obtained. The protein and carbohydrate content of skim milk powder is higher than that of whole milk powder, and the fat content is reduced to about 65438 0%. Skim milk powder is low in calories, suitable for middle-aged and elderly people with low calorie demand, and infants with fat indigestion can also choose formula milk powder containing skim milk.
Infant formula milk powder includes whole milk powder, skimmed milk powder and milk powder containing both. The formula milk powder added with skim milk powder is relatively easy to digest, not easy to oxidize and better preserved, but the skim milk powder has a faint fragrance and the taste is not as good as the whole milk powder.
Milk solids
Milk solids are actually a general term for various nutrients, which can include all solid nutrients except water. On the ingredient list, you can see that the brackets behind milk solids contain a variety of raw materials: desalted whey powder, lactose, skim milk powder and concentrated whey protein powder. Different brands of milk solids contain different raw materials. This is related to the formula difference of the base powder raw materials used by manufacturers.
Technology of judging formula milk powder from the amount of raw materials added
The production technology of infant formula milk powder includes three categories: wet method, dry method and combination of dry and wet method.
1, wet method
Raw milk, fresh milk, whole milk and skim milk are marked in the ingredient list, which shows that the formula milk powder adopts wet process. Wet method is to add nutrients and other auxiliary materials to liquid milk, then sterilize, homogenize and spray dry to powder. The nutrients in the wet process are evenly mixed. Because fresh milk or liquid milk is not conducive to preservation, the requirements for milk sources are relatively strict, and general manufacturers will have their own pastures or be close to milk sources.
Technology: raw milk, clean milk, sterilization and refrigeration, standardized batching, homogenization, sterilization, concentration, spray drying, fluidized bed, secondary drying and packaging.
Step 2: Dry method
The ingredient list includes whole milk powder, skimmed milk powder and milk solids. The production technology of this milk powder is mainly dry method. Dry process is to directly mix nutrients and other auxiliary materials with dry powder, and then package them into the smallest package that can be sold. Dry process can not guarantee the production of fresh milk, but some heat-sensitive nutrients such as vitamins and probiotics will not be destroyed.
Technology: raw materials, raw materials, materials, ingredients (premixing), feeding, mixing and packaging.
3. Dry-wet combined method
At present, more and more formula milk powder manufacturers combine the two processes into one. First, most nutrients are mixed in milk, then dried and sprayed into powder. The previous stage is wet process. Some heat-sensitive nutrients are crushed and mixed together. This stage is a dry process.
Technology: raw milk, clean milk, sterilization and refrigeration, standardized batching, 1, homogenization, sterilization, concentration, spray drying, fluidized bed, secondary drying, standardized batching and packaging.