1. Securities refer to various economic rights and interests certificates, and also refer to specialized products. They are legal documents used to prove that the holder enjoys certain rights and interests. Securities mainly include capital security, currency securities and commodity securities. In a narrow sense, securities mainly refer to securities products in the securities market, including property market products such as stocks, debt market products such as bonds, and derivative market products such as stock futures, options and interest rate futures. In February, 20021year, the Supreme People's Court's Supplementary Provisions of the Supreme People's Procuratorate Municipality (VII) stipulated the crime of fraudulent issuance of securities (the crime of fraudulent issuance of stocks and bonds was abolished).
2. 1603, under the leadership of the Speaker of the Republic of the Netherlands, Oden Barn Wei Erte, the Netherlands United East India Company was established. Just as they created an unprecedented country, now they have created an unprecedented economic era. WIM· Vandendel, Professor of History at Leiden University in the Netherlands: Yes, you can say that. This is the first joint-stock company. In order to raise funds, they issue stocks, but not in the modern sense. People come to the company's office and write down the money they lent in their notebooks. The company promises to pay dividends to these stocks. This is how the Dutch East India Company raised funds.
They collected 6.5 million yuan, which is almost equivalent to 3 million euros. At that time, the money was worth billions, and they set up a company with it. By financing the whole society, the East India Company successfully transformed its scattered wealth into its own capital for external expansion. Even the maid of the mayor of Amsterdam became one of the shareholders of the East India Company. Thousands of people are willing to invest their savings in this lucrative and risky business activity, on the one hand, out of the desire for wealth, and more importantly, because the Dutch government is also one of the shareholders of the East India Company. The government converted some rights that can only be owned by the state into 25,000 guilders, which greatly increased the authority and credibility of the East India Company.