1? 1 Early nickel plating history in China (1880 ~1935)1

1? 2 Development of Nickel Plating Solution 5

1? 2? The advent of 1 tile nickel plating solution 5

1? 2? 2 Modern Bright Nickel Plating Base Solution 6

1? 2? 3 Development of Other Nickel Plating Types 6

1? 3 Development of Early Bright Nickel 7

1? 4 Foreign patents of organic additives for early nickel plating 8

1? 4? 1 patent 9 of foreign brightener for nickel plating

1? 4? 2 Foreign patent of wetting agent for early nickel plating 10

1? 4? 3 leveling agent papers and patents on nickel plating abroad 1 1

1? 5 Application of Nickel Plating Abroad in 1970s 12

1? 5? 1 double nickel plating on aluminum alloy? Reliability of microporous chromium application 12

1? 5? Reliability of 2HSLA steel 13 double-layer nickel plating

1? 5? Application of three-step test 14

1? 5? 4 Plastic electroplating application 14

1? 5? 5 decorative nickel? Iron coating 15

1? Development of electroplating technology and equipment abroad in 1970s 15

1? 6? Computer modeling of 1 and its application in electroplating production

1? 6? 2 Efficient low-temperature surface pretreatment method 15

1? 6? 3 High-speed plating equipment 15

1? 6? 4 Application of Composite Electroplating 16

1? 6? Application of 5 pulse electroplating 16

1? 6? 6 plating equipment and Development of Testing Instruments 16

1? 7 Recent Development of Nickel Plating in China 17

1? 7? 1Overview of manual polishing and nickel plating in 1940s 17

1? 7? Summary of Semi-bright Nickel Plating with Naphthalenesulfonic Acid in 1950s 17

1? 7? Summary of all-bright nickel plating on butynediol in 1960s 35438+08

1? 7? 70' s copper? Nickel? Application of 18 automatic chromium production line

1? 7? Overview of diversified development of nickel plating varieties in 1980s 5438+08

1? 7? Development and Application of Nickel Plating Intermediates in 1990s 19

Reference 19

Chapter II Principles of Nickel Plating 2 1

2? 1 Simple principle of nickel plating 2 1

2? 1? 1 nickel plating electrolyte 2 1

2? 1? 2 electrolytic phenomenon 2 1

2? 1? 3 Nickel plating process 22

2? 1? 4 Current loop 22

2? 2 Law of Electrolysis 22

2? 2? 1 the first law of electrolysis 22

2? 2? 2 the second law of electrolysis 23

2? 2? 3 Electrochemical equivalent k23

2? 2? 4 Current Efficiency 24

2? 2? 5 Calculation of coating thickness 24

2? 2? 6 Calculation of electroplating time

2? 2? 7 Time required for nickel deposition 25

2? 3 factors affecting nickel plating 26

2? 3? 1 cathodic polarization curve 26

2? 3? 2 complexing agent 26

2? 3? 3 pH value of solution 28

2? 3? The temperature of the solution is 3 1

2? 3? 5 Chloride content in solution 32

2? 3? 6 Conductive salts in solution 34

2? 3? 7 Buffer in solution 34

2? 3? 8 main salt nickel salt 35

2? 3? 9 the influence of iron, copper and zinc impurities 37

2? 4 Anode reaction in the process of nickel plating 39

2? Five factors affecting the performance of nickel layer 42

2? 5? Pinholes (pits) on the surface of 1 nickel plating 42

2? 5? 2 Hardness of nickel coating surface 46

2? 5? 3 Microstructure of Nickel Coating 48

2? 5? 4 Mechanical properties of nickel coating 49

2? 5? Porosity of nickel coating 49

2? 6 Stress of nickel coating 5 1

Reference 53

Chapter 3 Ordinary Nickel Plating 54

3? 1 overview 54

3? 1? Properties of 1 nickel 54

3? 1? 2 Application of Nickel Plating 54

3? 1? 3 history of ordinary nickel plating 55

3? 2 Composition and process conditions of common nickel plating solution 55

3? 3 common nickel plating composition and process conditions on the coating 57

3? 4 Maintenance of Common Nickel Plating Solutions 66

3? 5 Influencing factors of mechanical properties of common nickel coating 67

3? 5? 1 tensile stress 67

3? 5? 2 Elongation 67

3? 5? 3 hardness 67

3? 5? 4 Internal stress 68

3? 6 Preparation of common nickel plating solution 68

3? 7 General nickel plating process flow 69

3? 8 Quality inspection of ordinary nickel coating 70

3? 9 Recommended minimum thickness of ordinary nickel coating 73

3? 10 Common causes and treatment methods of nickel plating 74

Reference 76

Chapter 4 Bright Nickel Plating 77

4? 1 overview 77

4? 2 bright nickel plating solution 78

4? 2? Composition and technological conditions of 1 bright nickel plating solution 78

4? 2? 2 Preparation of Bright Nickel Plating Solution 8 1

4? 2? 3 Maintenance of Bright Nickel Plating Solution 8 1

4? 3 electrodeposition theory of bright nickel plating 84

4? 4 Decorative bright nickel plating process flow 87

4? 5 Post-treatment of Bright Nickel Plating 90

4? 5? 1 traditional nickel plating post-treatment process 90

4? 5? 2 innovative nickel plating process 9 1

4? 5? Nickel plating LP on 3 steel substrate? 80N protectant 92

Reference 95

Chapter 5 Black Nickel Plating 96

5? 1 overview 96

5? 1? 1 development of black nickel electroplating at home and abroad 96

5? 1? 2 black nickel layer application 98

5? 1? 3 Advantages and disadvantages of black nickel coating in application 98

5? 2 Composition of black nickel coating 98

5? 3 blackening mechanism of black nickel coating 99

5? 4 Composition and process conditions of black nickel plating solution 102

5? 5 black nickel electroplating process 104

5? 6 Effect of black nickel solution composition and process conditions on black nickel 105

5? 7 Preparation method of black nickel plating solution 1 10

5? 8 Performance of Black Nickel Plating Solution 1 1 1

5? 9 black nickel coating performance 1 13

5? 10 operating points and working system of black nickel electroplating 1 16

5? 1 1 after-treatment of black nickel plating 1 17

5? 12 troubleshooting of black nickel electroplating 1 17

Reference 1 19

Chapter VI Black Tinned Gun? Nickel alloy 120

6? 1 120 Overview

6? 1? 1 development of gun black at home and abroad 120

6? 1? Application of Black Coating on 2 Gun 12 1

6? 2 gun black nickel plating solution model 122

6? 2? Composition and process conditions of 1 pyrophosphate gun 122 black plating solution

6? 2? Composition and technological conditions of citrate gun 122 black plating solution

6? 2? Composition and technological conditions of cyanide gun black plating solution 122

6? 2? 4 tin? Nickel? Composition and technological conditions of copper ternary alloy gun 122 black plating solution

6? 2? Composition and technological conditions of 5 acid fluoride gun black plating solution 122

6? 2? Composition and technological conditions of single nickel metal gun 122 black plating solution

6? 3 guns black solution preparation 125

6? 4 Electroplating Gun Black Nickel Process 127

6? 5 Influence of composition and process conditions of gun color nickel plating solution 129

6? 5? 1 stannous chloride 129

6? 5? Nickel chloride 130

6? 5? 3 potassium pyrophosphate 13 1

6? 5? 4 auxiliary complexing agent 132

6? 5? 5 stannous stabilizer 132

6? 5? 6 guns black agent 132

6? 5? 7pH 134

6? 5? 8 temperature 135

6? 5? 9 current density 136

6? 5? 10 anode 136

6? 6 tin? Deposition Mechanism of Nickel Alloy 137

6? 7 additive commodity electroplating gun color 14 1

6? Properties of 8-gun black coating 144

6? 8? 1 gun black tone 144

6? 8? 2 Translucency of gun color coating 144

6? 8? 3 gun color coating hardness 145

6? 8? Wear resistance and discoloration resistance of gun color coating 145

6? 8? Five shots of colored tin? Nickel plating instead of nickel plating? Tin? Cobalt coating 147

6? 8? 6 tin? Physical properties of nickel coating 147

6? Properties of 9-gun black plating solution 147

6? 9? Brightness range 1 gun black electroplating solution 147

6? 9? 2 deposition rate 148

6? 9? 3 dispersion and coverage 150

6? 9? 4. Slight acid gun color plating solution with deep plating capacity 15 1

6? 9? Five shots of colored tin? Stability of nickel alloy electroplating solution 15 1

6? Maintenance of 10 gun black electroplating solution 152

6? 1 1 gun 153 quality control of black painting

6? 12 tin plating? Nickel? Copper ternary alloy 154 gun color coating

6? 13 post-plating treatment of gun color coating 155

6? 14 influence of impurities in gun color plating solution 156

6? Troubleshooting of 15 gun black plating solution 159

6? 15? Impurities were removed from 1 electroplating bath 159.

6? 15? Troubleshooting of gun color electroplating solution 160

6? 16 gun color popular decoration method 162

6? 17 Deducting bad gun color coating 163

6? 18 Supplementary Methods of Nickel and Tin in Gun Color Plating Solution 164

Reference 166

Chapter VII Nickel Seal 167

7? 1 167 overview

7? 1? Development of Nickel Seals Abroad

7? 1? 2 Formation of Nickel Coating 167

7? 1? 3 nickel seal? Economic and technical significance of microporous chromium 168

7? 1? 4 The micropore density of nickel seal layer is 168.

7? 2 nickel seal? Corrosion resistance of microporous chromium 169

7? Composition and technological conditions of nickel sealing electroplating solution 172

7? 4 Domestic and Foreign Products of Nickel Sealing Additives 172

7? Preparation of 5 Nickel Closed Electroplating Solution 175

7? 6 Influence of composition and process conditions of nickel sealing liquid 176

7? 6? 1 nickel sulfate 176

7? 6? 2 boric acid 176

7? 6? 3 sodium chloride or nickel chloride 176

7? 6? 4 softener 176

7? 6? 5 main light agent 177

7? 6? 6 particles 177

7? 6? 7 dispersant (accelerator) 178

7? 6? 8 current density 179

7? 6? 9pH 180

7? 6? 10 stirring 180

7? 6? 1 1 electroplating time 18 1

7? 7 process flow of nickel sealing electroplating 182

7? 8 Quality Control and Inspection of Nickel Plating 183

7? 8? 1 determination method of micropore density

7? 8? 2 measurement of brightness 183

7? 8? 3 Corrosion resistance test results 184

7? 9 Nickel sealing equipment 184

7? Maintenance and operation of 10 closed nickel plating bath 185

7? 1 1 factors to improve corrosion resistance of nickel seal 188

7? 12 large treatment nickel sealing plating solution 189

7? Troubleshooting of 13 nickel sealing plating bath 189

7? 14 economic benefit of nickel sealing 190

Reference 19 1

Chapter VIII Nickel Plating on Satin 193

8? 1 193 overview

8? 1? 1 satin nickel 193

8? 1? 2 development of satin nickel abroad 193

8? 1? 3 domestic development of satin nickel 195

8? 1? Application of satin nickel 196

8? 1? 5 Prospect and prospect of satin nickel 196

8? 2 Formation Mechanism of Satin Nickel 197

8? Composition and technological conditions of satin nickel solution 199

8? Preparation of 4 Satin Nickel Solution 199

8? 5 satin nickel additive daily necessities 20 1

8? 6 Satin Nickel Process Flow 203

8? 7 Composition of Satin Nickel Solution and Influence of Technological Conditions 204

8? 7? 1 nickel sulfate 204

8? 7? 2 sodium chloride or nickel chloride 205

8? 7? 3 boric acid 206

8? 7? 4pH value 206

8? 7? 5 Temperature 207

8? 7? 6 Current density 209

8? 7? 7 electroplating time 2 10

8? 7? 8 Stir 2 1 1

8? 7? 9 additive 2 12

8? 8 Properties of Satin Nickel Plating Solution 2 15

8? 8? 1 dispersibility 2 15

8? 8? 2 Satin effect (X), adhesion (Y), corrosion resistance (Z) and coating synthesis.

Performance test (t) 2 15

8? 8? 3 bath stability 2 17

8? 9 Properties of Satin Nickel Coating 2 18

8? 9? 1 coating hardness 2 18

8? 9? 2 binding force 2 18

8? 9? 3 Corrosion resistance 2 18

8? 9? 4 Surface Microstructure of Satin 2 19

8? 9? 5 The light reflectivity of satin nickel is 2 19.

8? Maintenance and operation points of 10 satin nickel plating 220 tank

8? 1 1 satin nickel equipment 223

8? Troubleshooting of 12 satin nickel 224

Reference 225

Chapter 9 High Stress Nickel Plating 227

9? 1 overview 227

9? 1? 1 effect of electrodeposition of high stress nickel 227

9? 1? 2 Benefits of electrodepositing high stress nickel 227

9? 1? 3 development of high stress nickel 227 abroad

9? 1? 4 Development of High Stress Nickel 228 in China

9? 2 high stress nickel? Principle of improving corrosion resistance of microcrack chromium 228

9? Composition and process conditions of high stress nickel plating bath 230

9? 4 High Stress Nickel Process Flow 230

9? Preparation of High Stress Nickel Plating Solution 230

9? 6 composition of high stress nickel solution and influence of process conditions 232

9? 6? 1 nickel chloride 232

9? 6? 2 ammonium acetate or sodium acetate 232

9? 6? 3 additives 233

9? 6? 4 Current density 233

9? 6? 5 Water bath temperature 234

9? 6? 6 pH value of electroplating solution 234

9? 6? 7 Stir 235

9? 6? 8 electroplating time 235

9? 7 microcracked nickel? Performance of chromium coating system 235

9? 7? Stress 1 high stress nickel plating 235

9? 7? 2 microcracked nickel? Crack density in chromium coating 236

9? 7? 3 microcracked nickel? Corrosion resistance of chromium system 237

9? 7? 4 Bonding force of high stress nickel layer 237

9? 7? The total hardness of the coating is 238.

9? 8 Maintenance and Operation Points of High Stress Nickel Plating Solution 238

9? 9 plating high stress nickel? Economic benefit of chromium 240

9? 10 microcracked nickel? Foreign documents and patents of chromium 24 1

Reference 247

/chapter 10/0 nickel sulfamate electroplating 248

10? 1 overview 248

10? 2 sulfamic acid nickel plating solution composition and process conditions 250

10? 3 Physical and chemical properties of sulfamic acid and its salts 250

10? Effect of bath composition and process conditions on nickel plating

10? 4? 1 nickel sulfamate 25 1

10? 4? 2 the influence of nickel chloride or halogen ions (F-, Cl-, Br-, I-) 253

10? 4? 3 boric acid 254

10? 4? 4 wetting agent 254

10? 4? 5 additive 254

10? 4? 6 pH value of electroplating solution 256

10? 4? 7 Water bath temperature 257

10? 4? 8 Current density 258

10? 4? 9 anode 259

10? 4? 10 electroplating power supply 262

10? 4? 1 1 stirring and continuous filtration 262

10? Properties of 5-Aminosulfonate 262 Nickel Coating

10? 5? Internal stress in 1 nickel coating 262

10? 5? 2 Porosity of coating 263

10? 5? 3 Bending plasticity of coating 263

10? 5? 4 Corrosion resistance of coating 264

10? 5? 5 coating adhesion 264

10? 5? 6 Solderability of coating 264

10? 6 sulfamic acid nickel plating bath performance 265

10? 6? 1 cathode current efficiency 265

10? 6? 2 Dispersion of electroplating solution 265

10? 7 Maintenance and operation points of sulfamic acid nickel plating solution 266

Reference 269

Chapter 1 1 Other types of nickel salt electroplating 27 1

1 1? 1 citrate nickel plating 27 1

1 1? 1? 1 27 1 overview

1 1? 1? 2 Use 27 1

1 1? 1? 3 Composition and technological conditions of citrate nickel plating solution 27 1

1 1? 1? 4 bath maintenance and operation points 272

1 1? 1? Five Common Faults of Citrate Nickel Plating 273

1 1? 2 Nickel fluoborate coating 273

1 1? 2? 1 overview 273

1 1? 2? Composition and technological conditions of 2 fluoroborate nickel plating solution 273

1 1? 2? 3 bath maintenance and operation points 273

1 1? 3 full sulfate nickel plating 274

1 1? 3? 1 overview 274

1 1? 3? 2. Composition and technological conditions of the nickel plating solution of persulfate 274.

1 1? 3? 3 plating bath maintenance and operation requirements 275

1 1? 4 High chloride nickel plating 275

1 1? 4? 1 overview 275

1 1? 4? 2 Composition and technological conditions of high chloride nickel plating solution 276

1 1? 4? 3 bath maintenance and operation points 277

1 1? 5 pyrophosphate nickel plating 277

1 1? 5? 1 overview 277

1 1? 5? Composition and technological conditions of 2 pyrophosphate nickel plating solution 278

1 1? 5? 3 bath maintenance and operation points 278

1 1? 6 Ammonium-containing sulfate nickel plating 278

1 1? 6? 1 overview 278

1 1? 6? Composition and technological conditions of 279 sulfate nickel plating solution containing ammonia

1 1? 6? 3 Solution Maintenance 279

Reference 279

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