Industrial development course
The pig industry in China has experienced the stage of unified purchase and marketing under the background of planned economy; The development stage of market liberalization under the background of reform and opening up; Pig breeding industry has become a large-scale modern industrial chain in the stage of transformation and development from traditional industries to modern industries and modernization transformation and upgrading.
1. 1 stage of centralized purchase and marketing
The stage of unified purchase and marketing under the background of planned economy (1949- 1984): In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the planned policy of unified purchase and marketing was implemented for major agricultural and sideline products. The policy of "adjusting five and keeping five" in pig production is mainly manifested in small breeding scale, low production level, product shortage, varieties, materials, medicines and technical services in the initial stage, and production and consumption are strictly allocated according to the national plan. Due to the backward economic development, low pig productivity, insufficient supply of meat food and low per capita pork consumption. By the end of 1984, the national pork output was14.45 million tons, and the per capita possession was only 13.84 kg. The variety of meat products is relatively single, and the proportion of pork production in the total meat production is as high as 93.78%.
1.2 Market liberalization development stage (1985- 1997) Under the background of reform and opening up, the implementation of the household contract responsibility system has greatly mobilized the enthusiasm of livestock and poultry breeding, and the pig industry has entered a new development stage. 1985 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued "Ten Policies on Further Invigorating Rural Economy", gradually canceling the practice of sending pigs for raising and purchasing, implementing free listing, following the market, pricing according to quality, and liberalizing the policy of buying and selling pigs. With the continuous advancement of the "vegetable basket project" and the reform of the pig production and marketing management system, the pig production has developed rapidly and the pork consumption of residents has increased significantly. 1997, the national pork output was 39.56 million tons, and the per capita possession increased to 29.09 kg. The proportion of pork production in the total meat production decreased to 68.3%, and the average annual growth rate of pork production reached 6.7% from 1985 to 1997.
1.3 transition stage
Transition from tradition to modernization (1998-2004): Since 1998, pig breeding has gradually changed from focusing on quantity growth to focusing on quantity and quality, optimizing structure and increasing efficiency. The main characteristics are that pig breeding has begun to concentrate in advantageous areas, industrial integration has been accelerated, and more attention has been paid to quality, safety and sustainable development. After the rapid development of the previous stage, the output has been greatly improved, and the industrial development has changed from "quantity" to "quality". Production efficiency and food safety have become new elements of industrial development.
1.4 modernization transformation and upgrading stage
Modernization transformation and upgrading stage (2005-present): Since 2005, the scale and standardization level of pig breeding have been greatly improved, the coverage rate of improved varieties has been gradually improved, and the pace of transformation and upgrading of modern pig industry has been accelerated. The industry is mainly manifested in the continuous improvement of scale, more concentrated production areas and sales areas, environmental protection upgrade, food safety upgrade and production efficiency upgrade. See the status quo of the industry for details.