Securities qualification certificate:
Gold content: taking the qualification examination for securities practitioners is the first level of engaging in the securities profession. The securities qualification examination is organized by China Securities Industry Association. The securities qualification certificate is a standing certificate for entering the securities industry and an important reference for entering banks or non-bank financial institutions, listed companies, investment companies, large enterprise groups, financial media and government economic departments.
Examination content: The specific subjects of the examination are basic knowledge of securities, securities issuance and underwriting, securities trading, securities investment analysis and securities investment funds. This certificate is the basic certificate of the securities industry, and it is not difficult to take the exam. Most students majoring in economics take the exam. Even if I don't engage in the securities industry in the future, this exam is also an opportunity to systematically understand the securities industry. Organize four exams every year, all of which are computer exams. You can choose the subjects and quantity of the exam voluntarily, and the registration fee for a single subject is 70 yuan RMB. The certificate is basically completed at the undergraduate level, but graduate students also have interdisciplinary examinations.
Futures qualification certificate:
Gold content: Futures qualification certificate is a necessary certificate for employees of futures companies, and the examination is not difficult. As a part of the financial market, many people take this exam in order to understand the operation of the financial market, enrich their knowledge structure and prepare for entering the futures industry in the future.
Examination content: The certificate is similar to the securities qualification, and the examination is organized by China Futures Association. The qualification examination for futures practitioners consists of two subjects: basic knowledge of futures and futures laws and regulations. After passing the above two exams, you can apply for futures investment analysis.
Banking qualification certificate:
Gold content: bank qualification certificate is not a necessary condition to enter the bank, and its importance is relatively weak.
Examination content: This examination is organized and implemented by China Banking Practitioners Qualification Certification Office. The examination and certification system consists of four basic links: qualification standard, examination system, qualification examination and continuing education. The qualification examination is divided into basic subjects and professional subjects. The examination content of public basic certificate is the basic knowledge of the qualification of banking practitioners. The examination content of professional certificate is the relevant professional knowledge and skills of banking practitioners. The bank qualification examination fee is 80 yuan per person/subject. The bank qualification examination is a computer examination, and the questions are randomly selected from the question bank, which is similar to the computer level 2 examination.
Certified Public Accountant
Gold content: Certified Public Accountant (CPA), whose examiner is China Institute of Certified Public Accountants. By the end of 20 10, a total of158,000 people had obtained general practitioner certificates. Many students majoring in economics are preparing to take CPA exam because accounting is a highly professional job, and enterprises will focus on the applicant's mastery of accounting knowledge during the recruitment process. As China's own exam, certified public accountants have strong applicability and practicability for people working in China, which determines that there are many participants in this exam. Even if you don't work in accounting, it is essential to know some financial knowledge. There are only two kinds of "people" in the world, namely natural persons and legal persons. Understanding finance can help us better understand half of the "people" in the world.
Examination content: The examination subjects are accounting, auditing, financial cost management, economic law, tax law and strategy and risk management. Since 20 12, computerized examination has been implemented in the professional stage and comprehensive stage of the national unified examination for certified public accountants. It should be noted that all subjects must pass within 5 years from the date of passing the first subject, otherwise the test scores passed in the first year will be invalid, and so on.
chartered financial analyst
Gold content: CFA exam, the first exam in global finance, well-known in China. It is a professional qualification certification in the field of securities investment and management issued by the American Investment Management and Research Association (AIMR). In view of the formality, professionalism and authority of CFA examination, its qualification has been widely recognized in the global financial field and has become a passport for banking, investment, securities, insurance, consulting and other industries. In 2006, Financial Times magazine compared CFA professional qualification to the "gold standard" of investment professionals. CFA certificate holders include senior staff of world-renowned financial and investment institutions, and their salaries are also considerable. CFA's annual salary in the United States is around $200,000. At present, large domestic brokers and fund companies often say that CFA or CPA is preferred under the same conditions.
Examination content: CFA requires the holder to establish a strict and extensive financial knowledge system and master the theoretical and practical knowledge in all core areas of the financial investment industry, including portfolio management, financial asset valuation, derivative securities to fixed-income securities, quantitative analysis and so on. The exam is conducted in English and must pass Level 3. Every June and 65438+February, nearly 100 countries around the world take exams simultaneously.
Applicants who have passed CFA Advanced Level Examination must have at least 3 years of working experience in finance, investment, management and other fields, and be members of AIMR to be eligible for CFA certificate. Registration fee: CFA exam registration fee ranges from about 400 to 900 dollars. Generally, the registration time is relatively long. The earlier you register, the lower the registration fee. The closer to the registration end time, the higher the registration fee. Similar to buying a plane ticket, the tickets that are about to take off are basically sold at the original price.
Since CFA examination entered China, the number of CFA applicants has increased exponentially every year, but the passing rate of candidates is very low. It is understood that the pass rate of CFA is one-fifth in the world, and the proportion in China is even lower.
Financial risk manager (FRM)
Gold content: Risk management covers many fields. In the increasingly complex and globally integrated financial market and commodity market, effective risk management and control plays an increasingly important role. Investment banks, commercial banks, securities companies and insurance companies all put forward higher requirements for strengthening risk control, and the consequent impact is the sharp increase in the demand for financial risk management professionals.
Financial Risk Manager (FRM) is a title of qualification certification in the field of financial risk management. The certification determines the necessary knowledge system of risk management analysis and decision-making that occupational risk managers should master, and the GARP, the global risk association of the United States, organizes the examination and issues certificates. GARP is a financial association with more than 30,000 members from more than 65,438+030 countries, mainly composed of risk management professionals and researchers. Although FRM examination was established not long ago, it developed very rapidly. It has been recognized by famous European and American financial institutions such as Wall Street, risk management departments of large companies and government regulatory agencies, and has initially become the most authoritative certification in the field of risk management, and has become one of the professional requirements of risk management departments of many multinational institutions. People who have passed FRM research are increasingly recognized by domestic financial institutions.
Exam content: The exam is a standardized English exam, including market risk measurement and management, credit risk measurement and management, operation and comprehensive risk management, law, accounting and ethics. The preparation time for review is about 14 weeks. The global pass rate in 2009 was 44. 1%.
actuary
Gold content: In recent years, due to the high income of insurance actuaries, actuarial examination has become a popular examination. Actuaries deal with "future uncertainty", and their purpose is to provide basis for financial decision-making. According to experts? In the next few years, the China market will need about 5,000 actuaries. Not only is there a growing demand for actuarial talents in China, but by 20 13, the global actuarial talent market will be in short supply. Actuaries, on the other hand, are recognized as "diamond collars", earning more than one million yuan a year abroad and 10,000 yuan a month at home.
Exam content: The American Association of Actuaries (SOA), the largest, most representative and authoritative organization in the world, enjoys a high reputation. 1987165438+10. In October, Mr. Ingerhan, President of the North American Actuaries Association, signed a cooperation agreement with Nankai University [Weibo], and the North American Actuaries Association assisted Nankai University in establishing the "actuarial postgraduate course" in China, and established the first national examination center in Nankai University on May 1992. So far, the State Oceanic Administration has set up eight testing centers in Chinese mainland. The actuary examination system in North America is divided into two stages: the first stage is Quasi-actuary (ASA). The second stage is actuary (FSA). The examination time is determined by the North American Association of Actuaries, which is unified all over the world, and the examination paper is provided by the North American Association of Actuaries.
China's certification system is divided into two levels: quasi-actuary and actuary. The quasi-actuary part consists of eight examination subjects, each of which is a three-hour written test. Actuaries are divided into life insurance and non-life insurance. There are ten exam subjects, each of which is a four-hour written test. From 2000 to March 28th, 20 12, 25 1 people have obtained the Chinese actuary qualification certificate, and 1432 people have obtained the quasi-actuary qualification certificate.
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