Zero-sum game refers to all parties involved in the game. Under the strict competition, the gains of one party will inevitably mean the losses of the other party. The sum of the gains and losses of all parties in the game is always "zero", and there is no possibility of cooperation between the two sides.
The result of zero-sum game is that one side eats the other side, and what one side gets is what the other side loses, and the interests of the whole society will not increase by one point. It can also be said that their own happiness is based on the pain of others, and the two are completely equal in size, so both sides try their best to "harm others and benefit themselves."
Zero-sum game, also known as game theory or zero-sum game, originated from game theory. It means that in a game, players lose and win, and one side wins just as the other side loses, and the total score of the game is always zero. As early as more than 2000 years ago, this zero-sum game was widely used in the competition and confrontation with winners and losers.
"Zero-sum game rules" have attracted more and more attention because there are many situations similar to "zero-sum games" in human society. Corresponding to "zero sum", the basic theory of "win-win" is "self-interest" and "no harm to others", and a happy result can be achieved through consultation and cooperation.
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Zero-sum game originated from game theory. Modern game theory was founded by Hungarian mathematician von Neumann in the 1920s. His magnum opus Game Theory and Economic Behavior was published in collaboration with economist Oscar Morgenstein in 1944, which marked the initial formation of modern system game theory.
The principle of zero-sum game is this: when two people play chess, one will always win and the other will lose. If we count the winner as 1 minute, the loser as-1 minute. Then if A wins N times, B must lose N times.
If the number of times A fails is m, then the number of times B wins must be m ... In this way, the total score of A is (N-M) and the total score of B is (M-N). Obviously, (N-M)+(M-N)=0, which is the mathematical expression of zero-sum game.