Overview of foreign exchange dynamics The concept of foreign exchange refers to a specialized business activity of exchanging one country's currency into another country's currency to pay off international creditor's rights and debts. It is the abbreviation of foreign exchange.
The static concept of foreign exchange refers to the means of payment expressed in foreign currency that can be used for international settlement. This means of payment includes credit instruments and securities expressed in foreign currency, such as bank deposits, commercial bills, bank drafts, bank checks, foreign government treasury bills and their long-term and short-term securities.
The full name of stock index futures is stock price index futures, which can also be called stock index futures and futures index. It refers to the standardized futures contract with the stock index as the subject matter. The two sides agreed that on a specific date in the future, they can buy and sell the underlying index according to the size of the stock index determined in advance. As a type of futures trading, stock index futures trading has basically the same characteristics and processes as ordinary commodity futures trading.
Basic characteristics of stock index futures
1. Stock index futures have the same characteristics as other financial futures and commodity futures.
Contract standardization. The standardization of futures contracts means that all the terms of futures contracts except the price are predetermined and have the characteristics of standardization. Futures trading is conducted by buying and selling standardized futures contracts.
Centralized trading. The futures market is a highly organized market, with strict management system, and futures trading is completed centrally in the futures exchange.
Hedging mechanism. Futures trading can end the performance responsibility through reverse hedging operation.
Daily debt-free settlement system. After the daily trading, the Exchange will adjust the margin accounts of each member according to the settlement price of the day to reflect the profit or loss of investors. If the price changes in a direction that is not conducive to investors' positions, investors must add margin after daily settlement. If the margin is insufficient, the investor's position may be forced to close.
Leverage effect. Stock index futures use margin trading. Since the amount of margin to be paid is determined according to the market value of the traded index futures, the exchange will decide whether to add margin or withdraw the excess according to the change of market price.
2. The uniqueness of stock index futures.
The subject matter of stock index futures is a specific stock index, and the quotation unit is the index point.
The value of a contract is expressed by the product of a currency multiplier and the quotation of a stock index.
The delivery of stock index futures adopts cash delivery, and the position is settled in cash instead of stock delivery.
The difference between stock index futures and commodity futures trading
The target index is different. The subject matter of stock index futures is a specific stock price index, not a real target asset; The object of commodity futures trading is goods with physical form.
Different delivery methods. Stock index futures are delivered in cash, and positions are settled in cash by clearing the difference on the delivery date; On the other hand, commodity futures are delivered in kind and settled by the transfer of physical ownership on the delivery date.
The standardization degree of contract expiration date is different. The maturity date of stock index futures contracts is standardized, generally in March, June, September, 65438+February, etc. The maturity date of commodity futures contracts varies according to the characteristics of commodities.
The cost of holding is different. The holding cost of stock index futures is mainly financing cost, and there is no physical storage cost. The stock you hold sometimes pays dividends. If the dividend exceeds the financing cost, there will be holding income. The holding cost of commodity futures includes storage cost, transportation cost and financing cost. The holding cost of stock index futures is lower than that of commodity futures.
Speculation is different. Stock index futures are more sensitive to external factors than commodity futures, and the price fluctuates more frequently and violently, so stock index futures are more speculative than commodity futures.