In the 11th year of Zheng Zhi, Yuan Shundi (135 1), the peasant uprising of the Red Scarf Army broke out. The following year, on the first day of March in the 12th year of Zheng Zheng, Zhu Yuanzhang joined the army of Guo Zixing. Zixing saw that Bird had a strange appearance and was different from ordinary people, so he kept him as a confidant soldier and led his troops to war many times. Zixing was overjoyed and acted as a concubine, betrothing his adopted daughter Ma Shi to Bird as his wife, and later became a high queen. In March of the 15th year of Zheng Zheng, Guo Zixing died, and his son Guo Tianxu led the crowd. Han Liner issued a letter to seal the sky, named Du Marshal, right deputy marshal and Zhu Yuanzhang left deputy marshal. Zhu Yuanzhang said generously, "A gentleman would rather be controlled!" I'm not affected. However, the rings are powerful and can be used as emperors, but his title is used as an army. In September, Guo Tianxu and Shuang Shuang died in battle, so they will return to Mao. Zhu Yuanzhang led the army to cut off the cable and cross the river, and took quarrying (now southwest of Maanshan, Anhui Province) and Xiataiping (now Dangtu, Anhui Province). The following year, Qing Ji (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) was captured and renamed Yingtian. Since then, Zhu Yuanzhang took Yingtian as his base and successively captured Changzhou, Jiangyin, Changshu, Huizhou (now Shexian County, Anhui Province) and Yangzhou. He also accepted the advice of Huizhou Confucian Zhu, built a city wall, widely accumulated food and grass, and gradually became king. He will reclaim farmland, build water conservancy and resume agricultural production in the future.
After Zhu Yuanzhang destroyed the isolated Yuan army in the southeast, he began to contend with the separatist forces at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. In February of the 23rd year (1363), Zhang Shicheng sent Lv Zhen to surround Anfeng and kill Liu Futong. Han Liner issued an urgent order to Zhu Yuanzhang, and Liu Ji (Bowen) warned Zhu Yuanzhang not to help him. Mao said, "Wang Xiaoming is in a hurry. I gave him the title of dragon and phoenix, and I couldn't bear to stand by and watch, so I had to save him. " So he led Xu Da and Chang Yuchun to help, drove Lv Zhen away and welcomed Lin Er back to Chuzhou. At this time, it has become Mao's puppet, but Zhu Yuanzhang still gave him the title of twins for the title of topic. Twenty-three years, and Chen Youliang decisive battle Poyang Lake.
In the 24th year of Zheng Zheng (1364), in the first month, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor and established a family of officials. In addition to offering sacrifices, there is also a death, which is called the imperial edict of Yundi () and the imperial edict of Wu Wang (Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang). Twenty-seven years in Zhang Shicheng. In December of the 26th year (1366), Liu Jimi, in the name of welcoming the liner to the south, ordered Liao Yongzhong to go to Guabu to cover the liner's ships. As a result, he sank into the water and drowned. The peasant uprising regime perished.
After Han Liner's death, Zhu Yuanzhang became the supreme leader. So Zhu Yuanzhang changed next year to the first year of Wu (1367). Then he sent troops to the Central Plains, issued a proclamation to the northern officials and people, and conquered Fang Guozhen in eastern Zhejiang and Chen Youding in Fujian. The proclamation puts forward the program of expelling Land Rover, restoring China, establishing the framework of the past and relieving the Sri Lankan people, which has great appeal to the people in the north to resist national oppression. In the twenty-eighth year of Yuan Shundi (1368), on the fourth day of the first month, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor, with the title "Ming" and Jianyuan "Hongwu". Zhu Yuanzhang's founding name is Daming. In July, the Northern Expeditionary Army led by Xu Da approached Dadu, fled Shangdu with his empresses and princes, and the Yuan Dynasty, which ruled China for 98 years, perished. Since then, the unification movement has continued. In the same year, Tanghe led his troops to the south, destroyed Fang Guozhen and Chen Youding, and entered Fujian and Guangdong. Hongwu four years (137 1) was born in Pingding, Sichuan. Fourteen years of Taiping in Yunnan. In 20 years, Shanxi, Shaanxi and Northeast China were pacified and the whole country was unified.
Zhu Yuanzhang, while drawing lessons from history, began to stabilize the rule of the new dynasty, formulated a series of policies and systems, and further consolidated and developed the centralization of authority. In the central government, the provincial government and the prime minister were abolished, and six ministers were directly subordinate to the emperor. Change Yushitai to Duchayuan, and together with Dali Temple and the Ministry of Punishment, it is called Sanfa Division. In the local provinces where Chinese books have been abolished, there are publicity and production bureaus, emissaries' departments, supervision departments, provincial departments and command and emissaries' departments, which are collectively referred to as Dusi, Deployment Department and Information Department and directly under the central government. And established a medical system. In order to weaken the military power of generals, in the thirteenth year of Hongwu, the Governor's Office of the Fifth Army was established. Zhu Yuanzhang carried out the economic policy of health care and adopted a series of measures conducive to the recovery and development of agricultural production, such as encouraging land reclamation, implementing the system of land reclamation in the three villages of the people, the army and the merchants, building water conservancy projects, and promoting the cultivation of mulberry, hemp, cotton and other cash crops throughout the country, which successfully restored and developed the social economy of the Ming Dynasty. He also ordered the land to be cleared, compiled the Yellow Book of Gong Fish Scales, and established the system of inner armor and grain length to bind farmers' land. His policies, such as restricting and cracking down on the old landlords, stipulating the shift system of craftsmen and relaxing the personal control of rival industrialists, also promoted the recovery and development of agriculture and handicraft production. In order to enrich the official management, Zhu Yuanzhang adopted the methods of recommendation, school and imperial examination to select officials. In view of the lessons of corruption and even national subjugation of Yuan officials, he decided to rectify the bureaucracy. Even punishing corrupt officials by stripping grass is harsh and rare in history. Although his strict rectification movement had some effect, it also killed many innocent people because of his suspicious character. In order to strengthen the imperial power and solve the internal contradictions of the ruling order, Zhu Yuanzhang used the Hu case and the aquamarine case to slaughter the heroes; In order to ensure the stability of the feudal ruling order, he formulated a clear law and a high standard, and also set up a special security agency.
At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang also implemented the enfeoffment system, and 24 sons 1 were enfeoffed from Sun to all parts of the country to consolidate his rule. Zhu Yuanzhang's troops on the northern border were particularly strong because he maintained a fairly strong military force after the Northern Yuan Dynasty returned to the desert, which posed a great threat to the Northern Ming Dynasty. In the later period of Hongwu, these kings had mastered the military command of border defense and prevented the decline of military power. But his fourth son, Judy (see Cheng Zu of the Ming Dynasty), later won the throne of his successor, Emperor Wen Jian (see Jing Nan Battle).
A series of policies and systems formulated by Zhu Yuanzhang had far-reaching influence, played a certain progressive role and laid the foundation for the rule of the Ming Dynasty for more than 200 years. However, he developed the centralized monarchy to an unprecedented degree, which hindered the social economy, which also reflected the historical characteristics of the late feudal society in China. In the thirty-first year of Hongwu (1398), he died on May 5th and was buried in Xiaoling Mausoleum, Zhongshan, Nanjing. The name of the temple is Taizu, and the first emperor is high. At the beginning of Yongle, together with the sacred Wu Wen gods Qin Ming and Yun Qi Junde, the emperor Tian Da Gao Xiao was successfully unified. In the seventeenth year of Jiajing, he ascended to heaven as the son of heaven, Zhao Ji established the Great Sage as God, Benevolence and Righteousness, and Wu Junde succeeded him as the high emperor. In the thirty-first year of Zhu Yuanzhang's reign, he died at 1398 at the age of 7 1.
After Zhu Yuanzhang founded the Ming Dynasty, he worked hard to govern the country for thirty-one years, purged the bureaucracy, severely punished corrupt officials, established health centers, consolidated border defense, and attached importance to agriculture, which played a positive role in social stability, national unity and development. Zhu Yuanzhang is far-sighted, far-sighted, good at controlling wars and taking the initiative. In the hero's duel, choose the soldiers skillfully and break them one by one. In every battle, we should use heavy forces to avoid being attacked on both sides, and concentrate our forces to annihilate the enemy at an appropriate time. Attach importance to recruiting talents, adopt public opinion, strictly manage the army, improve the military system, train and educate generals, and emphasize that generals should be knowledgeable, resourceful, benevolent and brave. It is advocated that soldiers should be involved in agriculture and plow fields to fight in order to maintain a strong armed force. His military thoughts have a great influence on later generations.
He created unjust prisons, killed heroes, set up a Royal Guards, exercised cruel autocratic rule over officials and people, abolished the prime minister system, and suppressed the assistance of sages, which made it easier for powerful officials and eunuchs to control the political power, leading to eunuchs' autocratic power and civil strife in the late Ming Dynasty.
In order to make the country permanent, Zhu Yuanzhang restored the enfeoffment system of the Zhou Dynasty. He sent his sons to all parts of the country to command the army. Among them, Judy is one of the nine northern frontier fortress. Due to the excessive power of the vassal king, when he was alive, an official wrote a letter, taking the Golden Rebellion as an example, accusing Mao of harboring evil intentions. But Ming Taizu said nothing. In Mao's later years, these kings became more and more powerful, especially Judy, the prince of Yan, and Zhu Quan, the king of Ning. Zhu Yunwen, the emperor's great-grandson, once his grandfather collapsed, he was worried about how to restrain these heavily armed uncles. Only four years after Ming Taizu's death, the Zhu Yunwen regime was overthrown by her fourth uncle Judy. After Judy came to power, he cancelled the right to remove the captaincy. After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the captaincy had only a hollow reputation and no real power, and became a group of parasites who only took money and didn't work. In the Ming Dynasty, it was said that these captives were "once stolen, defenseless and slaughtered with their bare hands". This is what Zhu Yuanzhang failed to anticipate at the beginning of feudalism.
Year: Ming
Author: Zhu Yuanzhang
Works: March Poems at Dawn
Content:
Busy dressing and flogging,
Hang the willow tip on the back of the moon;
It won't rain at two or three,
Seven or eight stars are still in the sky.
Maodian chicken sounds like a human being talking.
Dogs barking on the bamboo fence wake up;
Waiting for the launch of Fusang Day,
There are mountains and rivers in front of us.