Qin Shihuang burned books to bury Confucianism, and Xiang Yu set fire to Epang Palace, burning books of China folk and national library. In the Han Dynasty, hundreds of versions of pipes were accidentally found on the walls of Confucius Temple, and the idea of pipes was partially preserved.
Guanzi attaches great importance to the position and function of market economy. "Marketers can know how to control chaos, how much they can know, but the harmony of 10 thousand people is beneficial." In other words, through the market, we can not only see a country's economic strength and material surplus and deficiency, but also see social chaos and people's hearts flowing backwards. He emphasized that with the market, "everything is connected; Everything is connected, then everything is transported; Everything is lucky, then everything is cheap; If everything is cheap, everything can be caused, and everything can be caused, then the world can be ruled. Otherwise, there will be an economic dilemma of "no market, no people". Of course, there could not have been a futures market 2700 years ago, but Guan Zi's thought provided a real impetus for the development of China's market economy and left many valuable inspirations for the construction of the futures market.
First, adjust the market supply through the policy of purchasing, storage and release, and "purchase and storage are heavy" and "development is light".
Purchasing, storing and releasing storage is an important "three rural" policy of our government. Paying attention to futures market transactions will form one of the most critical "policy factors". Guan discovered the price fluctuation of agricultural products (00006 1, Guba) with the changes of seasons, regions and climate very early. The rich take the opportunity to manipulate the market-harvest time, lower food prices to buy; If you don't pick it up, you will hoard it and sell it at a high price. From the perspective of social stability, Guan believes that prices can fluctuate normally, but moderately. In the chapter "Yidu", he proposed that when food prices are found to be very low by merchants, the state will take out a lot of money to store and hold up food prices, that is, "hidden weight"; If the green and yellow crops are not picked up, businessmen will sell grain at high prices, and the government will open positions and sell them to stabilize food prices, which means "light hair." Therefore, Guanzi established grain reserves in big cities, and the state intervened to control the gathering (buying) and scattering (selling) of grain and cameras. At the right time and in the right area, the reverse operation of "light shooting" or "cheap leveling" is carried out, so as to adjust the price of agricultural products in advance, so as to achieve the purpose of stabilizing prices, adjusting surplus and deficiency and increasing national income.
Second, through import and export trade and the introduction of foreign capital, from "because of the world" to "control the world."
Guanzi attaches great importance to import and export, and has done a lot of detailed and profound research and discussion on import and export in chapters such as Light and Heavy Ding. In order to make all the resources and commodities in the world "work for us", that is, "control the world because of the world", Guan Zi regards the implementation of foreign trade as an important measure to attract the things and commodities in the world, adjust the surplus and deficiency of the market and realize the prosperity of Qiang Bing. This is the ideological core of British "mercantilism" in16th century. On the one hand, Guanzi used foreign businessmen to get rich in Qi, on the other hand, he paid attention to avoiding the damage of foreign businessmen and commodities to Qi's market. We should open to the outside world and effectively control the market. This wisdom clarifies the interactive influence and control direction of internal and external markets.
At present, some aspects of China's commodity market and futures market are not perfect enough, and it is urgent to speed up the pace of integration with the international market. Otherwise, due to the lack of voice and pricing power, imported raw materials are more expensive than exported finished products, investment in the international market is forced, and the dividends of reform and opening up are lost overseas.
The third is to stimulate production by expanding consumption. "The rich are invincible and the poor do it."
Different from many other sages whose morality is supreme, Guan is keenly aware of the dialectical causal relationship between production and consumption, and advocates paying equal attention to luxury and thrift, and adjusting the relationship between supply and demand in the market in a timely manner, instead of blindly emphasizing thrift. In the chapter "Extravagance", he proposed that in the period of social production depression and economic depression, the state should take out savings and encourage and mobilize the extravagant consumption of the whole ruling group and private rich people by expanding the consumption part of the monarch's financial expenditure, including building gardens and paving roads, so as to stimulate production and provide employment opportunities for the unemployed, and achieve the effect of "the rich are exhausted and the poor are engaged".
Of course, today, when the global economic recovery is full of twists and turns and commodities continue to slump, we must never rely unilaterally on government investment and "three public" consumption to stimulate production and stimulate the economy. However, from the perspective of market development, it is really commendable for Guan Zi to grasp the dialectical unity of the contradiction between "consumption" and "growth" in the market and stimulate production by expanding consumption.
Fourth, through monetary policy, realize the "golden balance of grain currency".
Guan Zi first discovered that the key to regulating market supply and demand lies in currency-"Golden knife currency is widely used by the people" and "money is heavy, everything is heavy".
In order to do a good job in market construction, Guanzi presided over the opening of industrial and commercial management institutions and reserve banks in big cities. He believes that a monarch who is good at governing the country should control the currency to dominate the goods related to the national economy and people's livelihood. He advocated that the state should control the casting and distribution of money, and control the prices of major commodities through the collection and withdrawal of money, thus controlling the whole market. The amount of investment depends on the actual situation. It should be investigated, counted and comprehensively analyzed in advance. It is necessary to make full use of the corresponding relationship between money and commodities, and carry out regulation in a planned and step-by-step manner between light and heavy. The key to the specific operation method is to tighten when it is light (cheap) and relax when it is heavy (expensive).
At present, the monetary policy of countries, regions and economies in the world not only dominates their own economic development path and speed, but also has an important impact on the global market, and has also become a basic "capital" key factor in spot and futures trading. This also confirms the idea that "man can make grain coins and weigh gold, but the world can decide" put forward by Guanzi in the chapter "Mountains to Numbers".
1700 years later, Wang Anshi's "seedling method" became an effective extension of the policy of storage and management and fiscal and monetary policies in the northern Song Shenzong period. That is to say, when the crops are not harvested from February to May every year, the government gives farmers loans and grain loans, and sells them to the government after harvesting in summer and autumn to repay the principal and interest. Policy innovation has greatly increased government revenue, protected agricultural production and eased the contradiction between supply and demand in the market, which is called the earliest bud of the global futures market.
Fifth, by strengthening the construction of the legal system, we should set up a "parliamentary hall" and "govern the country according to law"
In order to achieve the strategic goal of economic development, Guan Zi clearly put forward for the first time that "ruling the country according to law is only a means". He severely punished the law and did not forgive or pardon after breaking the law. However, he also suggested that the "people" have the right to supervise the government, and set up a "discussion room" so that the "people" can complain and supervise the government's opinions, and intercept petitioners for government officials at all levels, and impose severe penalties such as dismissal and legal action. The "people" in charge has two meanings, one is the elements of the country, and the other is the officials of the country. As a member of the country, we must abide by the law, unforgiven lawbreakers. As a state official, he has the power to exercise the law, and he should be highly respected. After thousands of years of historical vicissitudes, "ruling the country and the city according to law" has become the fundamental guarantee for our country, developing the market economy and building the futures market.