Main business cost
Main business taxes and surcharges
Other business profits
production cost
Management cost
financial expenses
yield
subsidy income
Non-operating income
Non-operational expenditure
income tax
Question 2: What is the income statement? The income statement is an accounting statement that reflects the production and operation results and their distribution in a certain period. The income statement is a dynamic accounting statement, which matches the operating income in a certain period with the related operating expenses in the same accounting period to calculate the net income or net loss of the enterprise in a certain period. The income and expenses reflected in the income statement can reflect the income and cost of the production and operation of the enterprise, indicating the production and operation results of the enterprise. At the same time, through the comparative figures of different periods provided by the income statement, we can analyze the future profit development trend and profitability of enterprises and understand the integrity of investors' capital investment. The table is divided into two parts. Part of it reflects the income and expenses of the enterprise and explains the amount of profits or losses of the enterprise during the accounting period. On this basis, we can analyze the economic benefits and profitability of enterprises. The other part reflects the distribution process and results of enterprise financial performance.
Compilation of income statement
According to the format of the income statement, the preparation methods of the income statement can be roughly divided into the following two types:
(1) One-step income statement
In the one-step income statement, first of all, all the income, expenses and expenses of the enterprise in a certain period should be summarized separately, and then the current net profit or after-tax profit can be obtained by subtracting them.
(2) Multi-step income statement
The multi-step income statement divides the contents of the income statement into multiple categories. The multi-step income statement starts with the total sales, and shows the operating results of the enterprise and its influencing factors in the following steps:
Step 1: Reflect the net sales, that is, the total sales minus sales returns and discounts and the balance after sales tax.
Step 2: Reflect the gross sales profit, that is, the balance of net sales minus sales cost.
Step 3: Reflect the sales profit, that is, the balance of total sales profit minus sales expenses, management expenses and financial expenses.
Step 4: Reflect the operating profit, that is, the balance of sales profit minus other business profits.
Step 5: Reflect the total profit, that is, the balance of operating profit plus (minus) net investment income, non-operating income and expenditure, and the cumulative impact of changes in accounting methods on previous profits and losses.
Step 6: Reflect the profit after income tax, that is, the balance after deducting the accrued income tax (expenditure) from the total profit.
One-step income statement and multi-step income statement are compiled in different ways, each with its own advantages and disadvantages, for different reasons:
One-step income statement is relatively simple, but because Dan treats all income and expenses equally in this format, regardless of their sequence, it can avoid people mistakenly thinking that the ratio of income and expenses is sequential. Its disadvantage is that some meaningful intermediate information, such as sales gross profit, operating profit and total profit, is not directly reflected, which is not conducive to the comparison of corresponding projects in different enterprises or the same enterprise in different periods.
Multi-step income statement classifies income, expenses and expenses, lists some intermediate profit indicators, and reflects the calculation process of current net profit step by step, which can provide more information than one-step income statement, and is helpful for the comparative analysis of corresponding projects in different enterprises or the same enterprise in different periods. The multi-step income statement is difficult to understand, and it is easy to misunderstand the sequence of income and expenses. The classification and step-by-step of income, expenses and expenses are inevitably subjective.
Question 3: What are the contents of the income statement? The elements of the income statement mainly include income, expenses and profits. Income, expenses and profits are three accounting elements that reflect the operating results of an enterprise.
Income is the total inflow of economic benefits formed by enterprises in their daily activities such as selling goods, providing services and transferring the right to use assets. Income can be manifested as an increase in assets or a decrease in liabilities, which leads to an increase in owners' equity. It does not include money collected for third parties or customers, such as value-added tax and interest collection.
According to the nature of income, it can be divided into commodity sales income, labor income and income from providing assets of the enterprise to others; According to the primary and secondary business of an enterprise, it can be divided into main business income and other business income; According to whether the income is received, it can be divided into cash income, receivable income and advance income. Design accrual principle and realization conditions of income.
Whether it is income is confirmed by the following four conditions: 1. The enterprise has transferred the main risks and rewards of commodity ownership to the buyer; 2. The enterprise has neither retained the right of continuous management, which is usually associated with ownership, nor real-time control over the sold goods; 3. The economic benefits related to the transaction can flow into the enterprise; 4. Relevant income and costs can be measured reliably.
Expenses-generally refers to all the expenses incurred in the daily activities of the enterprise, and in a narrow sense refers to the part that matches the current income. It is the outflow of economic benefits in daily activities such as selling goods and providing services. Expenses may show a decrease in assets, an increase in liabilities, or both. Expenses will reduce the owner's rights and interests of enterprises.
According to the economic use of expenses, it can be divided into production cost expenses and period expenses; According to the relationship between cost and income, it can be divided into direct cost and indirect cost; According to the relationship between expenses and cash, it can be divided into cash expenses and non-cash expenses; According to the payment method of expenses, it can be divided into direct payment expenses, deferred expenses and transfer amortization expenses.
The confirmation of expenses should distinguish between production costs and non-production costs, and between manufacturing costs and period costs. Adopt the principle of income to deal with it.
Profit-is the operating result of an enterprise in a certain accounting period, and it is the balance of income after deducting expenses. To a great extent, it reflects the economic benefits of enterprise production and operation, and shows the final operating results of the enterprise in each accounting period.
Function of income statement
1, which can measure the operating results of the enterprise this year;
2. We can observe the composition of corporate profits and evaluate their business risks;
3. It can be used to evaluate the profitability, development trend and efforts of managers;
4, can measure whether the enterprise pays taxes according to law.
Question 4: What are the items in the income statement? Please look at the pictures.
Question 5: What's the difference between balance sheet and income statement? 1. The balance sheet, also known as the statement of financial position, is the main accounting statement that shows the financial position (i.e. assets, liabilities and profits) of an enterprise on a certain date (usually at the end of each accounting period). Based on the principle of accounting balance, the balance sheet divides the transactions of assets, liabilities and shareholders' equity that conform to accounting principles into two parts: assets and liabilities and shareholders' equity. After accounting procedures such as entry, transfer, suspense, trial calculation and adjustment, it is condensed into a report based on the static enterprise situation on a specific date. In addition to internal debugging, business direction and fraud prevention, its report function can also let all readers know the business situation of the enterprise in the shortest time. 2. The income statement is a statement that reflects the operating results of an enterprise in a certain accounting period. For example, the income statement reflecting the operating results from 65438+ 10/to 65438+February 3 1 is also called a dynamic statement because it reflects the situation in a certain period. Sometimes, the income statement is also called income statement and income statement. 3. The new standard calls the income statement income statement.
Question 6: What exactly does the analysis of the income statement include? Income statement analysis, also known as income statement analysis, includes the following contents: (1) Income statement main table analysis. Through the analysis of the main table of income statement, it mainly analyzes the increase and decrease of various profits, the increase and decrease of structure and the income and cost that affect profits. 1. Profit increase and decrease analysis. Through the hierarchical analysis of income statement, from the perspective of profit formation, it reflects the change of profit amount and reveals the operating performance and existing problems of enterprises in the process of profit formation. 2. Analysis of profit structure changes. The analysis of profit structure change is mainly based on the vertical analysis of income statement, revealing the relationship between various profits and costs and income, thus reflecting the profit composition, profit and cost level of each link of the enterprise. 3. Enterprise income analysis. The contents of enterprise income analysis include: income confirmation and quantitative analysis; Analysis of price factors and sales factors affecting income; Analysis of enterprise income composition, etc. 4. Cost analysis. Cost analysis includes two parts: product sales cost analysis and period cost analysis. Product sales cost analysis includes total sales cost analysis and unit sales cost analysis; Period cost analysis includes sales cost analysis and management cost analysis. (II) Schedule analysis of the income statement The schedule analysis of the income statement mainly analyzes the profit distribution statement and segment statements. 1. Analysis of profit distribution table. Through the analysis of profit distribution table, it reflects the changes in the quantity and structure of enterprise profit distribution, and reveals the influence of enterprise profit distribution policy, accounting policy and relevant national laws and regulations on profit distribution. 2. Analysis of departmental reports. Through the analysis of the branch statements, it reflects the operating conditions and results of enterprises in different industries and regions, and points out the direction for enterprises to optimize their industrial structure and make strategic adjustments. (III) Analysis of notes to the income statement The analysis of notes to the income statement mainly analyzes and explains the changes of important items in the enterprise's income statement and schedule based on relevant detailed information such as notes to the income statement and notes to financial statements, and deeply reveals the subjective and objective reasons for the changes in profit formation and distribution. Income statement analysis, also known as income statement analysis, is a financial analysis based on income statement. When analyzing the profitability and operating results of an enterprise, financial information must be obtained from the income statement. Even if the solvency of an enterprise is analyzed, it should be combined with the income statement, because the solvency of an enterprise is closely related to its profitability.
Question 7: What are the items in the income statement?
Operating income
Less: Operating costs
Business tax and surcharges
selling cost
Management cost
financial expenses
asset impairment loss
Plus: gains from changes in fair value (losses are indicated by "-")
Investment income (losses are filled with "-")
Operating profit (loss is filled with "-")
Plus: Non-operating income
Less: non-operating expenses
Total profit (losses are filled with "-")
Less: income tax
Net profit (losses are filled with "-")
Supplementary information: (Extraordinary items)
1, income from disposal department or investee.
2. Losses caused by natural disasters
3. Changes in accounting policies increase (or decrease) the total profit.
4. Changes in accounting estimates increase (or decrease) the total profit.
5. Debt restructuring losses
6. Others
Earnings per share:
(1) basic earnings per share
(2) Dilute earnings per share
Question 8: What are the main business profits in the income statement? In the new accounting system standards, there is no "main business profit", only "operating profit".
In the income statement, "main business income/cost" is not listed, only "operating income", "operating cost", "business tax and surcharges" are listed.
Operating profit = operating income-operating cost-business tax and surcharges-sales expenses-management expenses-financial expenses-property impairment loss+fair value change income+investment income.