Who says we don't import a lot of oil in Russia? Russian and Saudi Arabia have been fighting for the position of China's first crude oil exporter. Sometimes even within a month, the positions of the two countries will change. You are the first today, and I will be the first tomorrow, just to compete for exporting oil to China. There are several reasons why China doesn't just import Russian oil.

First of all, Russian oil is cheap. Europe may be a little confused to see friends here. It is said that Russian oil is cheap and the relationship between Russia and China is friendly. How can it be sold cheaply to others and expensive to us? This is determined by geographical reasons.

First of all, Russian oil fields are mainly distributed in the second Baku and the third Baku. Second, Baku is the old name of the Volga-Ural oil and gas region, and it is the second largest oil industrial zone after Siberia, with 800 oil fields and 500 gas fields, and the oil storage area has reached 700,000 square kilometers.

At present, the annual output of this oilfield is between1.2 ~1.500 million tons, accounting for one fifth of Russia's annual output. At the same time, the crude oil processing industry and petrochemical industry in this area are particularly developed, with more than 0/0 large refineries, with an annual processing capacity of 0/500 million tons, and internal oil pipelines criss-crossing.

Such an oil-rich area is mainly located in the European plain. Because the climate is warm and the oil level is shallow, it is easy and cheap to exploit, so when supplying oil and natural gas to Europe, the price is not high, but it is too far from here to China, and the oil pipeline needs to be heated to cross the cold Siberia, so the cost comes up.

Secondly, the main source of Russian oil supply to East Asia is the third Baku, also known as Tyumen Oilfield, which is located in the north-central part of western Siberia. It is estimated that the oil reserves are 40 billion tons, making it the largest crude oil producer in Russia.

But when we heard about Siberia, we knew that the price was not so cheap, because the climate there was cold, the crude oil reserves were deep and the exploitation cost was high. Moreover, Siberia is located in a cold region, and frozen soil prevents us from cultivating oil pipelines. The long official crude oil needs to be heated and insulated to prevent oil solidification, so the cost is too high, and most of it is transported by cruise ships.

In 2020, for example, China imported 83.57 million tons of crude oil from Russia and transported 30 million tons from Russia to the anniversary of China through oil pipelines. The remaining 53.75 million tons of oil are mainly transported by train and cruise ship.

Trains are transported by land. A train can transport 4,200 tons of crude oil, which is divided into two roads, one from Irkutsk in Siberia to Manzhouli in China, and the other from Kazakstan to Alashankou in China.

The transportation of crude oil by ship belongs to maritime transportation, and it needs to pass through the Bering Strait, where the sea surface is frozen all the year round. Large transport ships need icebreakers to clear the channel, so the cost is also high.

From this perspective, oil is not cheap and transportation costs are not low. It is not appropriate for China to buy Russian oil, but it still supports Russian oil, which also reflects the friendly relations between the two countries.

? Second, eggs can't be put in one basket. There is an allusion in China since ancient times, which is called "a good bird chooses a wood", describing that something should not be hung on a tree.

Although Russia has friendly relations with China and the oil price is reasonable, it is a strategic reserve and it is impossible to import all the oil from one country. Moreover, China is the largest oil importer in the world, so it is unrealistic to import only from one country. In addition, there are two reasons why China cannot import from one country.

One of the reasons is that the quality of Russian oil is average. API and sulfur are indicators to measure the quality of oil products. API stands for oil density. The higher the density, the lower the water content and salt content, and the higher the quality of crude oil. However, sulfur is corrosive to metals, and crude oil has high sulfur content. It also needs to go through the desulfurization process, and the natural cost of wasting a link is high. For Saudi Arabia, the quality of Russian crude oil is poor and the price is similar to that of Saudi Arabia, so it will not be imported only from Russia.

The second reason is that China's demand for oil is so great that it imports a lot of oil every year. If imported from one country or several countries alone, once the oil transportation line breaks down, it will soon lead to an oil reserve crisis. From the perspective of security, multi-channel oil import is an important means to share the crisis.

At present, China imports oil from Saudi Arabia, Russia, Iraq, Brazil, Angola, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, the United States and Norway. The above ranking is based on the amount of imported oil, which shows that China "doesn't put eggs in one basket".

In 2020, China's total oil consumption will be 702 million tons, while China's oil production is only about 200 million tons, and the remaining 500 million tons need to be imported. There is a big gap, and it is unrealistic to import crude oil from only one aspect, so "casting a net on all sides" is right.

? Third, Russia wants to import a lot of oil, and does not agree to see it here. Does anyone think Russia can't stop selling more of our oil? But in fact, Russia also needs to share risks. We can't regard our country as the lifeblood of the Russian economy. Once there is a problem with oil export, the economy will definitely be blocked.

Therefore, when China proposed "Anda Line", Russia would rather bypass the long road and build the oil pipeline on "Taina Line". Anda line is an oil pipeline from Angelososuzhensk, Russia to the anniversary of China, but it is diverted to Nakhodka, Schet, Russia. After the oil is transported here, it can be exported not only to China, but also to Japan and South Korea.

? To sum up, whether importing oil or exporting oil, we are seeking a diversified policy, importing more and exporting more to ensure our competitiveness!