Automobile platform production
With the progress of science and technology and the change of market, the life cycle of a model product is getting shorter and shorter, and the mass production mode can't adapt to the competition gradually. In 1980s, a concept called "automobile platform" came into being. The "automobile platform" is designed by automobile manufacturers and shared by several models. The automobile platform is related to the basic structure of vehicles, and different vehicles on the same platform have the same structural elements, such as doorposts, fenders, roof contours, etc. Generally, the wheelbase of vehicles on the same platform is the same, and some accessories are also common. Sometimes many cars of different brands are on the same platform, but different models of the same brand are not on the same platform (for example, Bora and Bora are not on the same platform).
"Modular" production mode
Under the "modular" production mode, the focus of automobile technology innovation is on parts, which should be developed in advance and participate in the product design of automobile manufacturers. For example, Delphi Systems has successively introduced modules such as cockpit, interface disc brake, door, front end and integrated air/oil. On the other hand, automobile manufacturers take the global scope as the space, select and match automobile modules, optimize automobile design schemes, and transfer some assembly labor on the automobile assembly line to places outside the assembly line. Adopting "modular" production mode is conducive to improving the variety, quality and automation level of automobile parts, improving the assembly quality of automobiles and shortening the production cycle of automobiles. Several independent brands, including GM's Excelle, are actually taking this road.
The concept of automobile production platform should also start with the evolution of automobile production mode.
In the early days of automobile production, the mainstream mode of automobile production was all-manual manufacturing, which obviously could not meet the needs of the general public in terms of production capacity and cost. So cars at that time were destined to be the playthings of nobles.
Until the beginning of the 20th century, Ford made Model T, which created a production process that affected the whole world industry-assembly line.
The assembly line production mode greatly reduces the production cycle and cost, and at the same time reduces the price, so that cars will eventually enter thousands of households and embark on the road of popularization.
However, an assembly line can only produce one car. With the development of economy and the change of market, the life cycle of a model product is getting shorter and shorter, and the one-to-one production mode can't adapt to the competition gradually. In 1980s, a concept called "automobile platform" came into being.
Making cars with higher quality at lower cost is the driving force to promote the progress of automobile industry, and the emergence of platform concept can be said to be the continuation of assembly line.
In recent years, with the increase of users' demand for diversified products and the acceleration of automobile upgrading, automobile manufacturers have begun to face more segmented and personalized market demand. The traditional automobile platform began to appear weak in the face of the ever-changing market, and a further "modular platform" was born by luck.
Compared with the traditional integration of design and production, "modularization" is to standardize the design and production of each subsystem of the automobile in the form of "modules", and finally "assemble" according to the positioning of different models. The traditional automobile assembly adopts the way of overlapping parts one by one, which has many stations, long assembly line and low assembly efficiency. "Modularization" refers to assembling parts in the same functional system or area into modules, and auto parts suppliers supply them in modular form according to the functional system, and assemble cars based on modular parts. For example, in the modular production mode, the engine, gearbox, front axle and front suspension are all integrated on the same module, and then assembled with other modules. Traditional platforms are loading engines, gearboxes, etc. It is carried out one by one in a certain link of vehicle production process.
Adopting "modular" production mode is conducive to improving the variety, quality and automation level of automobile parts, improving the assembly quality of automobiles and shortening the production cycle of automobiles.
The modular platform once again embodies the simple idea of manufacturing higher quality cars at lower cost.
It can be said that the automobile platform is the product of manufacturers' implementation of the concept of manufacturing higher quality cars at lower cost. It's not a production line or the same chassis.
Platform is a solution. Its essence is the sharing of some basic design standards, and different models are designed and improved on the basis of these same standards. Even the global production layout of automobile manufacturers can be counted within the scope of the platform.
Modularization of the platform is very helpful for automobile manufacturers to control profits, which can reduce costs, shorten development time, reduce weight and fuel consumption. There are also many benefits for consumers, such as introducing new technologies faster and increasing the choice of models.
However, everything has advantages and disadvantages, and platform production also has disadvantages.
First of all, it reduces the emphasis on a single model.
Putting more and more models on the same platform will inevitably make the low-end cars in this combination sacrifice in cost, because they will use the components with average cost in this combination. At the same time, the performance of high-end cars in this combination will also be sacrificed, because when the performance requirements and the size requirements of the platform are considered together, the optimal values of the two can never be achieved.
With the gradual expansion of the market scale, automobile manufacturers put vehicles of different ages and grades on the same platform for management, and made adjustments for various models, finally achieving maximum cost control. Therefore, the emphasis on a single model has decreased, and all models have begun to converge.
Second, the scale of defects is getting bigger and bigger.
If more and more vehicles are placed on the same platform, once there is a design defect, the impact may spread to all vehicles covered by this platform. Faced with such a huge quality problem, car companies are likely to treat the problem in a concealed and negative way.
The most representative example is Toyota's massive recall in 2009-20 10 due to accelerating the door. Toyota recalled 8.5 million defective models around the world, which greatly affected Toyota's assets and seriously damaged its brand image. In a similar incident, GM recalled tens of millions of faulty cars due to ignition coil problems. Due to DSG and other technical problems, Volkswagen also recalled millions of cars.
Platformization not only reduces the cost and shortens the development cycle, but also concentrates more risks, making the problem more complicated and difficult to control. Because once these problems appear, it is easy for car companies to hurt their bones, so many times, negative concealment has become their main attitude in dealing with problems.
Specifically, you can see car home and Baidu
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