1. Introduction of hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric acid is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl), which is widely used in industry. Hydrochloric acid is a colorless and transparent liquid with strong pungent smell and strong corrosiveness.
Concentrated hydrochloric acid (about 37% by mass) is very volatile, so when the container containing concentrated hydrochloric acid is opened, hydrogen chloride gas will volatilize and combine with water vapor in the air to generate small drops of hydrochloric acid, forming acid mist above the bottle mouth. Hydrochloric acid is the main component of gastric acid, which can promote food digestion and resist microbial infection.
During the industrial revolution, hydrochloric acid began to be produced in large quantities. In the chemical industry, hydrochloric acid has many important applications and plays a decisive role in the quality of products. Hydrochloric acid can be used for pickling steel, and it is also a chemical reagent for preparing many inorganic and organic compounds, such as vinyl chloride, the precursor of PVC plastics.
Hydrochloric acid also has many small-scale uses, such as household cleaning, production of gelatin and other food additives, detergents and leather processing. The world produces about 20 million tons of hydrochloric acid every year.
2. Brief introduction of sodium hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide, also known as caustic soda, caustic soda and caustic soda, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula of NaOH. Sodium hydroxide is strongly alkaline and corrosive, and can be used as acid neutralizer, complexing masking agent, precipitant, precipitation masking agent, color developing agent, saponifying agent, stripping agent, detergent, etc. , and is widely used.
August 26th, 2023: CSRC agreed to register caustic soda futures and options in Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange. In the next step, the CSRC will urge Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange to do a good job to ensure the smooth launch and steady operation of caustic soda futures and options.
Sodium hydroxide is corrosive to fiber, skin, glass and ceramics. When dissolved or diluted with concentrated solution, heat will be released; The neutralization reaction with inorganic acids can also generate a lot of heat and generate corresponding salts; Reacting with metallic aluminum and zinc, nonmetallic boron and silicon to release hydrogen; Disproportionation reaction with chlorine, bromine, iodine and other halogens.
Can precipitate metal ions in aqueous solution into hydroxide; It can saponify oil and generate corresponding sodium salts and alcohols of organic acids, which is the principle of removing oil stains from fabrics.