1, "balance sheet", I usually draw it once a year to make a clear list of assets and liabilities at home and see what my net asset value is.
First of all, the assets of an individual family are generally divided into the following three parts:
First: Current assets: including cash, demand deposits, money funds, etc. The financial management that can be withdrawn in a short period of time and the money that can be recovered at any time by lending to others are, in short, the money that is relatively liquid and can be taken over at any time.
Second: investment assets: including personal stocks, investment real estate, time deposits, financial insurance, provident fund, etc. In a word, it is the current market value of assets used for investment and seeking returns.
Third: self-use assets: including their own houses, cars, expensive furniture and other assets. If it is electronic products and cars, please pay attention to depreciation when entering here, and you can't enter it according to the price at the time of purchase. The depreciation of general electronic products is completed in 4 years, and the depreciation of automobiles is completed in 10 years.
Two, personal household liabilities are generally divided into the following three parts:
First: consumer debt: that is, money borrowed for daily consumption. This part of the money is money that can never be returned, including credit card swiping, consumer loans, borrowing other people's money for consumption, etc.
Second: investment liabilities: that is, borrowing money to invest in order to seek value-added, including lending to buy a house, or financing to buy stocks, or lending to start a business.
Third: self-use assets and liabilities: used to buy a car, borrowed money used to buy the house where you live, etc. After calculating the total assets and liabilities, liabilities/assets = the asset-liability ratio of your family, so that you can use and allocate funds according to your actual situation.
2. Personal asset allocation
According to the characteristics of different types of assets, we can allocate our own assets in the following proportions. Because real estate is a special kind of assets, and most people in China have a strong desire to buy real estate, so the asset allocation here is mainly about assets other than real estate.
1. Stocks: The risks are relatively volatile and the returns are high.
Second, the fund: the risk and return are relatively balanced and the operation is simple.
Third, national debt: national debt and government loans have low risks and low returns. Bonds issued on the basis of national credit raise funds from the society, thus forming a creditor-debtor relationship. That is to say, the country borrows money from the people, and when you buy national debt, you are the creditor of the country.
Because the country borrows money with high credit, it is the safest investment tool. China's national debt is a national bond issued by the Ministry of Finance on behalf of the central government. There are three kinds of bonds: voucher bonds, bearer bonds and book-entry bonds. For example, on June 15, 2020, the Ministry of Finance issued a special anti-epidemic national debt. Treasury bills are the holders of bonds, and bonds are a kind of national debt with face value, which is issued in the form of physical coupons without the name of investors.
From 198 1 to 1997, 2 1 treasury bills were issued, all of which expired in 2000. The borrower of the national debt is the central government, and the repayment funds come from the income of the central government. Treasury bills are one of the most important credit instruments in western countries' money markets. 1877, Britain passed the securities law of the Ministry of Finance, and incorporated the issuance of treasury bills into law.
Characteristics of national debt: 1, and interest rates are closely related to commercial bills and certificates of deposit. Treasury bond futures can provide hedging for other certificates when the income fluctuates. Strong liquidity, broad secondary market, easy to change hands, ready to cash, high reputation. 2. National debt is the direct debt of the government and the investment with the lowest risk. 3. Although the interest rate is lower than the bank deposit, the interest can be exempted from income tax, so you can get relatively high income.
Third, gold.
This refers to physical gold, not gold and silver jewelry. In the foreseeable future, gold will remain the anchor of all values. Because gold has the characteristics of transcending history and national boundaries, it has the function of hedging major risks.
4. Cash or money funds: good liquidity and low returns.
It is suggested that stocks, funds, treasury bonds, cash and gold can be allocated according to the comparison of 30%, 30%, 30%, 5% and 5%, and at the same time, the proportion can be dynamically adjusted every year to maintain the previously set proportion, so as to balance personal assets between risks and benefits and obtain the maximum asset appreciation.