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First, trona processes alkali.
Natural alkali is the raw material for preparing sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium hydroxide. In addition to sodium carbonate, there are minerals such as sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride and sodium sulfate, and the proportion is uncertain. The common component of trona is Na2CO3 NaHCO3 2H2O. Countries that exploit trona in large quantities include the United States, Kenya, Mexico and the Soviet Union. The United States has the largest output, with 1979 reaching 6.7 mt. In the United States, trona has three processing methods:
(1) sodium sesquicarbonate method: The process is as follows: the alkali ore is crushed, dissolved, clarified, filtered, evaporated and crystallized, and then the crystallized Na2CO3 NaHCO3 2H2O is separated, calcined and screened to obtain the sodium carbonate product.
(2) Sodium carbonate monohydrate method: the process is as follows: alkali ore is calcined to decompose sodium bicarbonate, then dissolved, clarified, filtered and evaporated to separate out Na2CO3 H2O, and then dehydrated and dried to obtain heavy soda ash. This method is widely used by companies in Green River, Wyoming, USA, and its production process is more complicated than sodium sesquicarbonate method.
(3) Direct carbonation of brine: mainly used for brine processing in Sears Lake, California.
Second, soda ash is mainly used to produce glass, such as flat glass, bottle glass, optical glass and advanced utensils; In chemical industry, it is used to prepare sodium salt, metal carbonate, bleaching agent, filler, detergent, catalyst and dye. In metallurgical industry, it is used to remove sulfur and phosphorus, process minerals and produce copper, lead, nickel, tin, uranium, aluminum and other metals; In the ceramic industry, it is used to make refractories and glazes. In addition, industrial gas desulfurization, industrial water treatment, metal degreasing, cellulose and paper production, soap manufacturing and so on also need soda ash.